University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

This study analyzes the spatio-temporal patterns of urban growth for the Kolkata Urban Agglomeration (KUA) in eastern India using dynamic spatial territorial extents and compares the results with existing popular hypotheses of urbanization patterns (diffusion-coalescence and three-growth-mode). Time series neighborhood-level built-up densities were extracted and overlain to identify two broad urban spatial extents, inner and outer, which were further categorized into sub-territorial units. Landscape metrics and mode-wise urban growth statistics were computed for the above spatial extents. Results reveal a marked increase in the urban land share, from 20 % in 2000 to nearly 50 % in 2018, when about 75 % of the built-up spaces comprised the high-density urban core. Urban growth patterns in KUA show clear intra-urban variations between inner and outer spatial extents. The inner city zone underwent coalescence with nearly 90 % of the built-up growth within inner city extents occurring through infilling, whereas the outer extents showed complex growth patterns with outlying growth dropping by almost 27 % points, with related increase in both infilling (11 % points) and edge-expansion (16 % points). Diffusion and coalescence occurred simultaneously, but at varying intensities within the different sub-territorial units. Examining such complex spatiality of urbanization is crucial to reduce its adverse environmental effects and promote sustainable urban growth. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

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Geography

Sustainable Cities and Society

Spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization in the Kolkata Urban Agglomeration: A dynamic spatial territory-based approach

Eighty-one new census towns in West Bengal are on the verge of declassification in the 2021 Census. This must not be understood to mean that non-farm workers are moving into farm activities. Rather, evidences suggest that growth of farm employment has simply outpaced that of non-farm employment in these new census towns and is possibly the reason behind their imminent declassification. The case of Patuli, which is only considered as an example, shows that non-farm activities, especially trading, are witnessing a fall-off phase and that it failed to expand owing to the loss of its market town/rural service centre character over time, goaded by some local factors. This has led to the subsequent inability to generate sufficient full-time jobs at Patuli. More studies are required to build a comprehensive outlook on the policy measures required to preserve the role of these new census towns as market towns and/or rural service centres in the future.

Economic and Political Weekly

Declassification of census towns in West Bengal: Empirical evidences from Patuli, Bardhaman

The Urban ecological landscape of Gangtak town, Sikkim represents a mosaic of natural, semi-natural and completely altered cultural habitats which can be considered as a manifestation of human interaction with natural environment in the face of rapid urbanization. Human activities for urban development have brought about several changes in the form of landuse alteration, slope modification, fragmentation of natural habitats etc. which in turn changed the habitat character by modifying the natural habitats and also by introducing some man-made habitats. In this paper, an attempt has been made to identify and assess each of the urban habitat types in ecological terms and also to appraise the impacts of urbanization on the remanant natural habitats. Copyright © EM International.