University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Arecanut leaf sheath (ANLS) an unexplored agricultural biomass is used to recover long staple lignocellulosic fibers. A long staple lignocellulosic fiber is extracted from ANLS biomass using 8% NaOH treatment. As reinforcing material ANLS fibre properties such as fibre length, diameter, moisture content, single fibre strength and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out. Three types of composites, 15, 20 and 25 (w/w)% fibre loading composites have been prepared in unsaturated polyester resin matrix. The tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) properties and void content of these composites are studied. The tensile fracture behaviors of fibre and composites are studied with the help of scanning electron micrographs. © 2021 The Textile Institute.

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Jute and Fibre Technology

Journal of the Textile Institute

Fabrication, microstructural and mechanical properties of arecanut leaf sheath fibre reinforced polyester resin composites

In the present study, long staple lignocellulosic fibres were extracted from the arecanut leaf sheath, an agricultural biomass. The arecanut leaf sheath (ANLS) fibres have been extracted by alkali treatment. The important fibre properties such as fibre length, diameter, density, bundle strength, single fibre strength, moisture content and chemical composition are evaluated and compared with commonly available cellulosic fibres. Chemical nature and structure of ANLS fibre are determined using X-ray diffraction and FTIR techniques. The morphological structure and cross-section of the fibres were studied by scanning electron micrographs. The thermal properties of the fibre are characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The potential of ANLS fibre to be used as a textile and reinforcing material is discussed in detail. © 2020 The Textile Institute.

Characterization of lignocellulosic fibres extracted from agricultural biomass: arecanut leaf sheath

Cotton yarns were modified with pyrrole in the presence of ferric chloride following a dip-nip-dry technique. Treatment of cotton with 23.4% aqueous pyrrole followed by treatment with 40.6% aqueous ferric chloride and subsequent drying in atmospheric air produced balanced improvements in the properties of the yarn such as conductivity, tensile strength and extensibility. Among the three types of yarns such as ring spun, rotor spun and friction spun considered for such treatment, ring spun yarn performed best in respect of conductivity and retention of strength. Examination of surface morphology of yarns by scanning electron microscopy revealed a common discontinuity in the growth of polypyrrole along the length of the yarns spun using friction spinning and rotor spinning systems. Such discontinuity was caused by the wrapper fibres. Ring spun yarn, on the other hand, allowed a continuous spiral growth and deposition of polypyrrole in the inter-fibre space and on the surface of the yarn. Study of pyrrole modified ring spun yarn in a typical photoluminescence system indicated photoluminescence property of such pyrrole-treated cotton yarn. © 2018, © 2018 The Textile Institute.

Development of biodegradable conductive cotton yarns by in-situ polymerisation of pyrrole

In this study, the jute reeds were equally divided lengthwise from root to tip in three portions namely root, middle and tip. The fibre diameter, fineness, tensile strength and bundle strength of the three portion jute were evaluated and compared. Unidirectional composites containing about 35(wt/wt)% jute fibre by weight were produced in unsaturated polyester resin matrix. The effect of fibre property variation in composite’s mechanical properties was studied. Tensile and flexural properties of composites made from three portions of jute reed were studied. It was observed that tensile and flexural strength of root portion based composites are 44% and 35% higher than tip portion based composites. Tensile and flexural modulus of tip portion based composites is 18% and 17% higher than root portion based composites. © 2019, © 2019 The Textile Institute.

Lengthwise jute fibre properties variation and its effect on juteâ€“polyester composite

The tensile and other physical properties of jute and jute-viscose blended wrap-spun yarns have been studied. The investigation also includes study on the effect of wrap density and mono and multi wrapper filaments on the rupturing process and physical properties of jute and jute-viscose (70:30) blended yarns. Rupturing process shows the stick-slip oscillations occurred at lower wrap density and gradually reduces the frequency of oscillation with increase in wrap density without any catastrophe. Both jute and jute-viscose wrapped yarn with HDPE monofilament wrapper shows less frequency of stick-slip oscillations and higher tenacity as compared to the both types of wrapped yarns with PP multifilament wrapper. The tenacity of wrap-spun yarns is increased with the increase in wrap density for both type of yarns with all wrapper filaments. Short-term mass irregularity, irregularity index and imperfections are reduced and YQI is improved in case of blended yarns with both the wrapper filaments as compared to jute wrapped yarns. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.

Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research

Effect of wrapper filament characteristics and wrap density on physical properties of wrap-spun jute and jute-viscose blended yarns

Cotton fabric was coated with aqueous dispersion containing blend of natural rubber latex (NRL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch following a knife-over-roll technique to produce moisture vapour permeable waterproof coating. Coating of cotton with a formulation containing NRL, 15% aqueous PVA and tamarind kernel seed powder as starch, in the ratio of 1:3: 0.3 in presence of a typical sulphur curing system, followed by drying of the coated fabric at 95&nbsp;°C for 5&nbsp;min and subsequent vulcanization at 120&nbsp;°C for 2&nbsp;h produced most balanced improvements in the properties of the coated fabric such as, waterproofness, breathability as revealed by moisture vapour transmission rate, coating adhesion, tensile properties, abrasion resistance and flex endurance. Incorporation of PVA makes the coating permeable to moisture vapour and such property is promoted further in presence of starch in the coating formulation. Examination of surface morphology of vulcanized coating by scanning electron microscopy revealed that poly vinyl alcohol crystals formed clusters of dimensions of only few microns in the rubber matrix. Such clusters of PVA served as conduits for transportation of moisture vapour through the film of NRL while acting as an effective barrier to liquid water droplets. © 2016 The Textile Institute.

Development of moisture vapour permeable waterproof cotton fabric by coating with blend of natural rubber latex and polyvinyl alcohol

Blended Dref-III yarns have been prepared by using same stock of blended materials (polyester-viscose) both in core and sheath. Stress-strain curves of both fibre and yarn (100% polyester and viscose) have been used for the prediction of both ring and Dref-III spun blended yarn strength. Hamburger model using yarn stress-strain curves for blended ring-spun yarn has been found suitable to predict the tensile strength of blended Dref-III yarns for different core-sheath ratios separately. From this observation, an equation has also been derived to predict the strength of blended Dref-III yarn for all types of combinations of core and sheath components as well as blend composition. © 2015 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.

Effect of blend composition on tensile properties of blended dref-III yarns

Response surface equations been derived for prediction of the effects of nip distance, nip pressure and drum speed on tenacity, breaking extension, initial modulus; specific work of rupture, unevenness and packing coefficient of Dref-III yarn. Contour curves have been constructed to study the interaction effect of different variables on different responses. Tenacity, breaking extension, initial modulus, evenness and packing coefficient of yarn drastically decrease with the increase in nip distance. Increase in nip pressure causes increase in tenacity and packing coefficient of yarn at very high rate. Increase in drum speed increases the initial modulus of yarn largely. Interaction effect between nip distance and drum speed has positive influence on tenacity, breaking extension, work of rupture and packing coefficient of yarn. Interaction of nip pressure and nip distance has positive influence on tenacity of Dref-III yarn.

Studies physical properties of Dref-III spun yarns by variation of machine parameters with Box and Behnken's 3x3 model

Quantitative estimation of load bearing capacity of parallel fibre assembly has been made by applying transverse pressure on them with the help of an attachment while they are strained longitudinally by the tensile strength tester. Tenacity of parallel fibre assembly increases with the increase in transverse pressure applied by the compression blocks (attachment), the rate of increase is found to be high initially up to 80 g/cm2 applied pressure and thereafter, notable reduction in the rate of increase in tenacity is observed. These results confirm the assumption that in case of Dref-III yarns the tensile force developed in the parallel bundle of core fibres is due to the compressive force generated by the sheath fibres. Required sheath-fibre content for generation of a given transverse pressure has been calculated by solving the regression equations for sheath fibre content and applied transverse pressure with tenacity.