A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2000-2001 at Baruipur, Kolkata, West Bengal, to evaluate the economically feasible intercropping system of direct- seeded rice (Oryza saliva L.) with greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.), blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on rainfed upland ecosystem. All the intercropping systems proved superior in terms of rice-equivalentyield and monetary returns to sole crop of rice, indicating viability of rice-based intercropping system on rainfed upland ecosystem. Among the intercropping systems, rice + groundnut in 3:2 row proportion recorded the highest rice-equivalent yield (3 340 kg/ha), net returns (Rs 7 890/ha), monetary advantage index (Rs 5 021/ha), income-equivalent ratio (2.55) and relative net returns (1.34). This intercropping system proved economically most efficient for rainfed upland ecosystem.