A water soluble P-glucan having molecular weight similar to 2 x 10(5) Da was isolated from hot water extract of the fruit bodies of an edible mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum (Kuhner & Romagn) Kubicka. This polysaccharide (ELPS) contains (1 -> 3,6)-beta-D-Glcp, (1 -> 3)-13-beta-Glcp, (1 -> 6)-beta-D-Glcp, and terminal beta-D-Glcp moieties in a molar ratio of nearly 1:1:3:1. Chemical and spectroscopic analysis showed that the backbone of glucan consists of three (1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl and two (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues, out of which one (I 3)-3-D-glucopyranosyl moiety was branched at 0-6 with a terminal p-D-glucopyranosyl residue. This beta-glucan exhibited macrophage, splenocyte, and thymocyte stimulations. It possesses promising antioxidant activities as evidenced from its hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities and reducing properties. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KRISHNENDU ACHARYA

Botany

PRASENJIT MAITY

IPSITA K SEN

PRALOY K MAJI

SOUMITRA PALOI

K SANJANA P DEVI

TAPAS K MAITI

SYED S ISLAM

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

&nbsp;

The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

&nbsp;

It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Carbohydrate Polymers

A water insoluble β-glucan (PS), with molecular mass ∼9.16 × 104 Da was isolated from the 4% alkaline extract of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus djamor and found to consist of (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl moiety. The structure of the PS was elucidated on the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, DEPT-135, and HSQC). The structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→. The water insoluble β-glucan showed cytotoxic effect against PA1 cells, where˜50% population was destroyed at 100 μg/mL concentration, and almost all cells at 250 μg/mL concentration. The wound healing assay showed significant anticarcinogenic effect against ovarian carcinoma PA1 cells after 48 h of treatment. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Structural studies of a water insoluble Î²-glucan from Pleurotus djamor and its cytotoxic effect against PA1, ovarian carcinoma cells

A new water soluble glucan (MGPS), with a molecular weight ∼1.48 × 105 Da, was isolated from the fruit bodies of Meripilus giganteus by hot water extraction followed by purification through dialysis tubing cellulose membrane and sepharose 6B column chromatography. Its structural characteristics were investigated by acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation and 1D/2D NMR experiments. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that MGPS contain only glucose. The backbone of MGPS was composed of two (1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl, two (1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl, two (1 → 6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl, and one (1 → 4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl residues, out of which one (1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl residue was branched at O-6 position with terminal α-D-glucopyranosyl residue and one (1 → 4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl residue branched at O-6 position with terminal β-D-glucopyranosyl residue. In vitro antioxidant studies showed that the MGPS exhibited hydroxide radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 390 μg/mL), superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 70 μg/mL), and ferrous ion chelating activity (IC50 = 290 μg/mL). © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a glucan from Meripilus giganteus

Schizophyllum commune Fr. is valued for its high nutritional composition and medicinal importance. However, quality standards of this species have not been reported till date. The aim of the present study was to provide quality control standardization of S. commune based on organoleptic, microscopic, physico-chemical, chromatographic, molecular features and to partially screen its antioxidant activity. Physico-chemical parameters such as percentage of loss on drying, total ash, swelling capacity, water holding capacity, water solubility index and methanol extractive value were documented. In addition, fluorescence analysis of the powder using 16 different chemical reagents were carried out which exhibit a remarkable variation of colour against treating agents. Quantification of the major bioactive compounds present in the extract showed the following order phenol &gt; flavonoid &gt; ascorbic acid &gt; β-carotene &gt; lycopene. The antioxidant potentials of the extract were determined using experiments of DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 value 1.07 mg/ml) and total antioxidant capacity (19 μg AAE/mg of extract). Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract revealed high contents of phenolics which was confirmed by HPLC and HPTLC studies. Rf values and their corresponding peaks serve as a signature marker for identification of this mushroom. On the other hand, molecular studies including DNA extraction and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region of the genomic DNA serve as a molecular standard. The above distinctive parameters would significantly serve towards establishing the pharmacognostic as well as molecular standards for identification, authentication and quality control of the genuine mushroom. © 2016, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine

Pharmacognostic standardization based on physicochemical and molecular parameters of a medicinal mushroom Schizophyllum commune

A water-soluble heteroglycan (PS) of an average molecular weight ∼1.98 ×105 Da was isolated from the aqueous extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus (R. Heim). The structure of the polysaccharide (PS) was established using total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, and 1D/2D NMR experiments. Total hydrolysis indicated the presence of d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, and l-fucose in a molar ratio of 4.10:1.95:1.0:0.95, respectively. The chemical and NMR analysis indicated the presence of a repeating unit with a backbone consisting of one each of the residues (1→3)-α-d-galactopyranosyl, (1→3)-α-d-mannopyranosyl, (1→3)-α-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, and (1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl, respectively. The (1→3)-α-d-mannopyranosyl residue was found branched at O-2 with terminal α-l-fucopyranosyl moiety and (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl residue was branched at O-6 with terminal α-d-glucopyranosyl residue. The PS exhibited antioxidant properties. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Carbohydrate Research

Heteroglycan of an edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus: Structure elucidation and antioxidant properties

A water soluble heteroglycan (PS-II) of an average molecular weight ∼5.2 × 104 Da was isolated from the alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum (Kühner &amp; Romagn) Kubička. Structural characterization of PS-II was carried out using sugar and methylation analysis, periodate oxidation study, and 1D/2D NMR experiments. Sugar analysis indicated the presence of glucose, mannose, galactose, and fucose in a molar ratio of nearly 5:1:2:1. The repeating unit of the PS-II had a backbone consisting of two (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, one (1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, one (1 → 2)-α-L-fucopyranosyl, one (1 → 6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl, and two (1 → 6)-α-d- galactopyranosyl residues, out of which one (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl residue was branched at O-6 position with terminal β-d-glucopyranosyl residue and one (1 → 6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl residue was branched at O-2 position with terminal β-d-mannopyranosyl residue. PS-II showed ameliorative activities at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/ml) and maintained the redox balance as well as reduced the lipid peroxidation to protect the cell destruction. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Heteroglycan of an edible mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum: Structural characterization and study of its protective role for human lymphocytes

A water soluble branched β-d-glucan (PS-I) with an average molecular weight ~2.1×105Da was isolated from alkaline extract of the fruit bodies of the edible mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum (Kühner &amp; Romagn) Kubička which consists of terminal β-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, and (1→3,6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl moieties in a molar ratio of nearly 1:3:2:1. The structure of PS-I was elucidated using acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation study, partial hydrolysis, and 1D/2D NMR experiments. The repeating unit of the polysaccharide (PS-I) contains a backbone chain of three (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl residues, one of which was branched at O-3 position with the side chain consisting of three (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl and a terminal β-d-glucopyranosyl residues. Total antioxidant capacity of 1mg PS-I was measured and found equivalent to 70±15μg of ascorbic acid. The PS-I was found to possess hydroxyl and superoxide radical-scavenging activities with EC50 values of 480 and 150μg/mL, respectively. The reducing power of PS-I was determined 0.5 at 480μg/mL. © 2013 .

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Structure elucidation and antioxidant properties of a soluble Î²-d-glucan from mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum

A water soluble heteroglycan (PS-II) of average molecular weight ∼1.45 × 105 Da was isolated from the aqueous extract of an ectomycorrhizal edible mushroom, Russula albonigra (Krombh.) Fr. Structural characterization of PS-II was carried out using acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and 1D/2D NMR studies. Structural analysis revealed that PS-II was composed of terminal 2-O-methyl-Fucp, terminal Manp, (1→2)-Fucp, (1→3)-Glcp, (1→3,4)-Glcp, (1→6)-Galp, and (1→2,6)-Galp residues in a relative proportion of approximately 1:1:1:1:1:1:1. The proposed repeating unit of the PS-II had a backbone consisting of two (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, two (1→6)-α-d- galactopyranosyl, and one (1→2)-α-l-fucopyranosyl residues, out of which one (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl residue was branched at O-4 position with terminal 2-O-methyl-α-l-fucopyranosyl and one (1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl residue was branched at O-2 position with terminal α-d-mannopyranosyl residue. This PS-II showed in vitro macrophage activation by NO production as well as splenocytes and thymocytes proliferation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Structural elucidation of an immunoenhancing heteroglycan isolated from Russula albonigra (Krombh.) Fr.

A heteroglycan (PS) isolated from the mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus was found to consist of l-fucose, d-mannose, and d-glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 1:2:3. On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies (1H, 13C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, HMBC, and DEPT), the structure of the repeating unit of the PS was determined. The repeating unit had a branched backbone composed of (1→6)-linked α and β d-glucose and (1→2)-linked α-l-fucose. Branching occurred at C-4 position of (1→6)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl residue with terminal β-d-mannose and C-3 position of (1→6)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl residue with (1→6)-α-d- mannopyranosyl moiety terminated by α-d-glucose. The structure of the repeating unit of the PS was proposed as: →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)- α-D-Glcp-(1→2)-α-L-Fucp-(1→3↔1α-D-Glcp- (1→6)-α-D-Manp 4↔1β-D-Manp. The antioxidant properties of the PS were studied. The scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals whose EC50 value of PS at 943 μg/mL was determined. Further, EC 50 value of the PS at 53 μg/mL was observed for scavenging activity of superoxide free radicals. Chelating effects (54.82%) of ferrous ions were observed at 1 mg/mL of the PS. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetCarbohydrate Polymers
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetELSEVIER SCI LTD
ISSN	0144-8617
Open Access	No