The hydrolysis of steryl esters on thin-layer chromatographic plates by porcine pancreatic lipase is described. The sterols and fatty acids produced were separated on the same plate, recovered, and analysed by gas-liquid chromatography for their compositions. Synthetic cholesteryl esters containing various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and synthetic steryl oleates with various sterols were lipolysed along with steryl esters of Acanthus ilicifolius, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves. The major sterol was sitosterol which was accompanied by cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and 28-isofucosterol. In addition, stigmast-7-en-3β-ol was present in R. mucronata leaves. The component fatty acids found in all three species were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3. The relative proportions of the sterols and fatty acids were significantly different from the chemotaxonomic standpoint. The results obtained by carrying out plate lipolysis for 45 min at 40° compared well with those produced by conventional chemical hydrolysis. © 1984.

S MISRA

A CHOUDHURY

A K DUTTA

A GHOSH

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

&nbsp;

The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

&nbsp;

It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Sterols and fatty acids from three species of mangrove

Phytochemistry

Highly purified plasma membranes of maturing goat caput-, corpus- and cauda-epididymal spermatozoa were isolated by aqueous two-phase polymer methods and their lipid constituents were analysed. Phospholipid (approx. 75% w/w), neutral lipid (approx. 15% w/w) and glycolipid (approx. 10% w/w) were the major sperm membrane lipids. There was a significant decrease in the total lipids (approx. 25% w/w), phospholipid (approx. 30% w/w) and glycolipid (approx. 80% w/w) contents of sperm membrane during epididymal maturation. On the contrary, the mature cauda-sperm membrane showed greater (approx. 50% w/w) neutral lipid content than that of the immature caput sperm. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin were the phospholipids of the sperm membrane, the former two being the major lipids. Both PC and PE fractions consisted of three species - diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl forms, the last one being the dominant species in both PC and PE. Of all the phospholipids, diacyl PE decreased most strikingly (approx. 65% w/w) during sperm maturation. The neutral lipid fraction contained sterols, wax esters, 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and fatty acids. Sterols represented nearly 75% w/w of the neutral lipids and cholesterol was the major component (approx. 95% w/w) of the sterol fraction. The sperm maturity was associated with marked increase of sterol (approx. 60% w/w) and steryl ester (approx. 200% w/w) and decrease (approx. 50-65% w/w) of the other membrane-bound neutral lipids. The glycolipid was identified as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The fatty acid profile of the various membrane lipids underwent marked alteration during the epididymal transit of the male gametes. Cholesterol/phospholipid and saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratios increased greatly in the maturing sperm membrane. The altered lipid profile of the mature sperm membrane leads to changes in its fluidity that play an important role in determining the structure and functions of the biomembrane. © 1991.

BBA - Biomembranes

Lipid changes of goat sperm plasma membrane during epididymal maturation

Total lipids from hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, obtained in 7.6 and 3.3% wet weight respective yields, were fractionated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopic methods. Fatty acid-containing lipids were rich in 16:0 (8.0-25%), 18:1ω9 (6.9-22%) and 18:2ω6 (6.8-18.5%); appreciable amounts of 16:1ω7, 18:3ω3, 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 were also present. The level of 26:0 in the hydrocarbon fractions was unusually high (64 and 68%). Carbon chain lengths of major wax esters were 44, 46 and 48 for T. gigas and 38, 40 and 42 for C. rotundicauda. 1-O-Alkyl diglycerides were 7.2 and 9.1% of the total lipids in the two species and contained 14:0(20%), 16:0(60%) and 18:0(20%) alkyl chains along with a relatively higher percentage (32-35%) of saturated fatty acids. High levels of cholesterol (>50% of total sterol) in the free and combined state were encountered in both samples, phospholipid contents being 40 and 35%, respectively, and contained highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids. © 1989 American Oil Chemists' Society.

Lipids

Lipids and fatty acids of the horseshoe crabs Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda

Porteresia coarctata collected, at Prentice and Chuksar Islands of the Sunderban mangrove ecosystem, was studied for its lipid composition. Hydrocarbon, wax ester, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, sterols and terpenoids, were all found in higher proportions in the Prentice Island sample. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid in all fractions except for the steryl esters of P. coarctata collected from Prentice Island, where oleic and linoleic acids were the major components. Sterols found were, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and cholesterol, of which, sitosterol and stigmasterol were the major components. Terpenoids present were, β-amyrin, α-amyrin, lupeol, betulin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, of which, lupeol and oleanolic acid were the major components. Quantitative variations of the lipid constituents were found between the two samples studied. © 1988.

Lipid composition of Porteresia coarctata from two different mangrove habitats in India

Mangrove plant leaves of Avicennia officinalis, Acanthus illicifolius and Bruguiera gymnorhiza, grown under tidal water stress, were found to biosynthesize higher proportions of hydrocarbons, wax esters, sterol esters, triglycerides, sterols and low-M, terpenes, compared to the plants grown normally. Hydrocarbons and n-alcohols of wax esters, with longer chain lengths were found in higher proportions in the plants grown normally. Higher proportions of unsaturated n-alcohols of wax esters were present in the leaves of periodically submerged plants. Proportions of unsaturated fatty acids of wax esters, sterol esters and triglycerides were also higher in the submerged plants. Sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol of the sterol esters, were higher in submerged plants, whereas 28-isofucosterol was higher in normal plants. Of the free sterols, sitosterol was higher in submerged plants, whereas stigmast-7-en-3β-ol and campesterol were higher in normal plants and 28-isofucosterol was found only in submerged plants. Pentacyclic triterpenoids were found only in normal plants, whereas, the submerged plants contained low-M, terpenes in higher proportions. © 1986.

Effect on the leaf lipids of three species of mangrove of periodic submergence in tidal water

Fatty acids of the total lipids of flesh and hepatopancreas of Macoma sp. have been determined. The level of 20:5w3 (ca 17%), a biologically important fatty acid, was found to be considerably high. Other major component fatty acids were 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 22:4w6. High levels of 22:5w6 (8%), 22:5w3 (8%) and 22:6w3 (ca 15%) were found in flesh lipid. Nonsaponifiables were also high (28–30%). Alkyl ether acyl glycerols were found in flesh (1.3%) and hepatopancreas (3.8%). Copyright © 1985 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

Fatty acids from Macoma sp. of bivalve mollusc

Lipid contaminants in commercial lipases

The fatty acid, sterol and hydrocarbon compositions of oil produced by a new strain of Rhodotorula glutinis isolated from soil and grown on molasses, were determined. The major constituent fatty acids were: palmitic (37%) oleic (47%) and linoleic (8%). The major sterols were campesterol (42%) and stigmasterol (27%) and the major hydrocarbons were n‐C23 (37%), iso‐C29 (30%) and n‐C21 (19%). Minor constituents in each class of lipids were also detected and estimated. The oil produced was 54% on a dry weight basis. The fatty acid composition was found to be close to that of palm oil. Copyright © 1984 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd

Production and composition of microbial fat from Rhodotorula glutinis

Hydrolysis of wax esters on thin-layer chromatographic plates by porcine pancreatic lipase is described. The alcohols and free fatty acids produced were separated on the same plate, recovered and then analysed by gas-liquid chromatography for their compositions. Synthetic wax containing saturated fatty acids of various chain lengths and unsaturated fatty acids with varying numbers of methylene-interrupted cis double bonds, along with beeswax and Avicennia officinalis leaf wax were lipolysed. The results of on-plate lipolysis for 96 min compared well with those obtained by chemical hydrolysis in tubes. © 1983.

Journal	Phytochemistry
Publisher	-
ISSN	0031-9422