S SEN

G TALUKDER

A SHARMA

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Sequential Histologic Alterations of Mouse Gastric Mucosa Following Long-Term Simulation of Betel Addiction

International Journal of Crude Drug Research

An attempt to summarise the phytochemical composition of the betel quid, formation of N-nitrosation products during chewing, results of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity studies and the relationship between betel chewing and submucous fibrosis have been made from presently available literature. The present review provides a better understanding of the capacity of the quid ingredients in inducing preneoplastic changes for evaluation of the risk involved with its chewing. © 1989.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Betel cytotoxicity

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the stomach pyloric mucosa of inbred Swiss albino mice and C3H mice was examined in vitro following administration of various combinations of betel quid ingredients in vivo. Effect of the quid ingredients on replicative DNA synthesis was studied to assess cytotoxicity. Betel leaf, areca nut, lime, tobacco and two popular brands of Indian chewing mixtures induced UDS to a very significant extent. While addition of betel leaf reduces the UDS, tobacco significantly increases it. Study of replicative DNA synthesis revealed that extracts of areca nut, nut with lime and both the brands of commercial chewing mixtures tested induced replicative DNA synthesis. The genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the test compounds provide quantitative risk factors, especially in the light of their growing use in Asian countries. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

Pharmaceutical Biology

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in gastric mucosa treated in vivo with betel ingredients

Histopathological effects of chewing of betel quid with tobacco was studied by simulating four different chewing habits, using mouse glandular stomach mucosa as a model system. Chronic oral administration for five months resulted in marked intestinal metaplasia in all animals receiving extract of tobacco with betel nut and lime and extract of tobacco with betel leaf, nut and lime, in doses normally ingested by human addicts. Tobacco markedly augmented the effect of other ingredients. Lime and Piper betle L. var. bangla probably played a protectant role by reducing the dysplasia and metaplasia. In the light of the growing use of smokeless tobacco and betel chewing habits, our results may exemplify the way in which the various chewing mixtures, which are ingested daily in relatively large quantities, could affect carcinogenesis in habitual chewers. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

Potentiation of betel-induced alterations of mouse glandular stomach mucosa by tobacco in studies simulating betel addiction

Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology

Issue Information

The American Historical Review

<sc>Anne Hardgrove</sc>. <italic>Community as Public Culture in the Modern India: The Marwaris of Calcutta, circa 1897–1997</italic>. Electronic book. New York: Columbia University Press. 2002. Site access $195.00

Sequential histologie alterations of mouse gastric mucosa following long-term simulation of betel addiction

Journal	International Journal of Crude Drug Research
Publisher	-
ISSN	0167-7314