B DAS

K CHAKRABARTI

S TRIPATHI

A CHAKRABORTY

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Review of Some Factors Influencing Jute Fiber Quality

Journal of Natural Fibers

Retting of jute is essentially microbiological and biochemical in nature. Community Level Physiological Profiles (CLPP) as well as genomic diversity of bacterial communities were assessed in water samples collected during pre-retting, after 1st and 2nd charges of retting. The water samples were collected from two widely cultivated jute growing locations, Sonatikari (22°41'27"N; 88°35'44"E) and Baduria (22°44'24"N; 88°47'24"E), West Bengal, India. The CLPP, expressed as net area under substrate utilization curve, was studied by carbon source utilization patterns in BIOLOG Ecoplates. Molecular diversity was studied by polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of total DNA from water samples. Both between locations and stages of retting, substrate utilizations pattern were carbohydrates> carboxylic acids>polymers>amino acids>amines/amides>phenolic compounds. Differential substrate utilization pattern as well as variation in banding pattern in DGGE profiles was observed between the two locations and at different stages of retting. The variations in CLPP in different stages of retting were due to the change in bacterial communities. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

Fulltext

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences

Assessment of changes in community level physiological profile and molecular diversity of bacterial communities in different stages of jute retting

Four bacterial strains with high balanced polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PNL), and xylanase with minimal cellulase activity were used in jute retting. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the organisms were: Bacillus sp. L6 (GQ891097), Bacillus pumilus strain EK-17 (GQ891098), B. pumilus strain Geo-03-422 (GQ891103) and B. pumilus strain IK-MB12-518F (GQ891105). The microorganisms in different combinations of consortia showed synergistic effect resulting in increased PG (35.52-46.61. IU/g cell wet weight), PNL (39.79-72.12. U/ml), xylanase (0.705-0.840 μmol/ml/min) and little cellulase (0-0.153 μmol/ml/min) activities. The organisms in different combinations of consortia reduced the retting period from 11 to 13 days as compared to 19 days in the control. Microbial inoculation produced remarkable improvement in jute fibre strength (26.62-28.91. g/tex) and fineness (2.76-2.92. tex) over control. The pH of the post-retting water samples became acidic, and the electrical conductivity (Ec), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and hardness increased. The organisms could be adopted in industrial application for extraction of jute fibre. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Industrial Crops and Products

Effect of efficient pectinolytic bacterial isolates on retting and fibre quality of jute

Retting largely determines jute fibre quality. It is traditionally carried out in water bodies and basically a microbiological process. Efficient pectinolytic microbial inocula with low cellulolytic activity can improve fibre quality, reduce the time of retting and evade environmental pollution that arises due to retting. Thus, pectinolytic bacteria were isolated from retting water bodies occurring in two notable jute-growing belts in West Bengal, India. Thirty-eight pure bacterial strains were isolated and screened for polygalacturonase (PG), pectin lyase (PNL) and cellulase activity. PG, PNL and cellulase activity of the isolates were within the ranges of 8.74 - 41.00 IU g-1 cell wet weight, 2.23-75.7 U mL-1 and 0-0.316 μmol glucose mL-1 of culture filtrate min-1, respectively. Eight organisms, selected as future retting inocula based on their balanced proportion of pectinolytic activity and low or no cellulolytic activity, were identified. Majority of the isolates were found to be rod shaped, Gram positive, spore former and they could utilize starch, sucrose, mannitol, lactose and were catalase positive. The 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates were similar to the species: Agrobacterium sp. BN-2A (GQ891102), Bacillus pumilus strain Geo-03-422 (GQ891103), Microbacterium sp. PVC8 (GQ891104), Bacillus pumilus strain IK-MB12-518F (GQ891105), Bacillus sp. L6 (GQ891097), Bacillus pumilus strain EK-17 (GQ891098), Bacillus sp. YACS30 (GQ891099), Bacillus pumilus strainIK-MB13-518F (GQ891100). © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.

Research Journal of Microbiology

Screening and molecular characterization of pectinolytic bacterial strains from jute retting water bodies

The aim of the research was to study the effect of jute retting on various physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of retting water and water samples were collected before and after retting, from three well-known jute growing areas of N-24 Parganas viz., Sonatikari, Baduria and Swarupnagar, West Bengal, India. Standard methods were applied to determine pH, Ec, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), hardness, Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), bicarbonate, chloride content, bacterial, fungal, pectinolytic and spore forming bacterial colony forming units. Irrespective of the locations, the pH of the post-retting water samples was more acidic than the pre-retting water samples. Other physico-chemical parameters like Ec, COD, hardness and metal contents increased in the post-retting water samples. The post-retting water samples also registered higher bacterial, fungal, pectinolytic and spore forming bacterial colony forming units. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

Journal of Biological Sciences

Studies on physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of water samples before and after jute retting

A combined (enzymatic and chemical) process using a Bacillus pumilus strain (DKS1), isolated from the soil, was used to degum ramie bast fibres. After 24 h of incubation with the isolated pectinolytic strain using a low-cost medium, the weight loss of the ramie fibre was found to be 25% under small scale. High activity of pectate lyase was detected in the culture supernatants; 400 kg of ramie fibres was degummed with 24% weight loss in large-scale degumming under field conditions. No cellulase activity was found. Microbial intervention followed by mild (0.1%) alkali treatment showed high percentage of weight loss from the ramie fibre. Bacterial degumming followed by chemical treatment resulted in an increase of single fibre tenacity (cN/tex) by more than 20.81% as compared to non-degummed (decorticated) fibre samples. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and fluorescence microscope showed that after Bacillus pumilus DKS1 treatment the surface of the decorticated ramie fibre becomes very smooth. These results indicate the process provides an economical and eco-friendly method for the small scale as well as large-scale degumming of decorticated ramie fibre. This study has great relevance to the textile as well as paper industry. © Society for Industrial Microbiology 2008.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetJournal of Natural Fibers
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetTaylor and Francis Inc.
ISSN	1544-0478