Biological reclamation on a 10-year-old mine spoil at Alkusha-Gopalpur, Raniganj Coalfield, Eastern India was carried out during 1992. Effects have been measured yearly in terms of species suitability, spoil chemical quality, and biodiversity of natural succession till 1997. It has been determined that out of 14 plant species selected for reclamation, the successful ones are Acacia auriculoformis, Acacia arabica, Albizzia lebbek, Leucena leucocephala, and Gmelina arborea. Impaired pH, available mass nutrients (N, P, K), organic carbon, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity have been found to increase whereas trace elements have been found to decrease. There is an indirect relationship between the survival percentage and trace element intake capacity of the planted saplings.

A K MITRA

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Environmental Geology

A part of Raniganj coalfield, eastern India, covering an area of about 156 km2 (60 mi2), was studied to identify the impact of mining on geoenvironment, in terms of heavy-metal mobilization. Twenty-eight soil samples were taken from four major landuse classes, viz., mining area, land with or without scrub, agricultural field, and social forestry area, and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As). Intermediate groundwater flow system of the area was inferred through the fitting of polynomial trend surfaces to the water-table elevation data from 55 observation wells for premonsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon periods. Quantitative analyses of 17 groundwater samples (7 from mining areas and 10 from nonmining areas) were carried out with special reference to heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As) during these three periods. Twigs of selected planted species used in reclamation of one of the mine spoils in the area were also analyzed for heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As). Impacts of mining have been measured in terms of erosion and heavy-metal mobilization from mine spoils to the surrounding geoenvironment. Leaching on mine spoils followed by surface runoff contaminated the soil with heavy metals, whereas leaching followed by percolation contaminated the groundwater with heavy metals. Effects were inferred in terms of changing ecosystem. Native plant species like Shorea robusta, Terminalia tomentosa, etc. are being replaced by smaller species like Butea monosperma, which appears to be more tolerant in this changed ecosystem. Copyright ©2004. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists/Division of Environmental Geosciences. All rights reserved.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetEnvironmental Geology
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ISSN	0943-0105