P K GHOSH

O W NEUHAUS

N M BISWAS

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Prevention of estrogenic inhibition of adrenal 686-1686-1686-1686-2686-2686-2in rats

Experientia

Summary:  Adult male rats were treated with estradiol‐17β (50 μg/100 g body wt./day) for 7 days. When the animals were killed 14 days later, the levels of serum gonadotrophins, testosterone and α2u‐Globulin as well as the weight of sex organs were reduced, testicular 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD) activity was also suppressed; spermatogenesis was inhibited. Administration of corticosterone (2 mg/day) for 14 days to estrogen‐treated rats increased the concentration of gonadotrophins, testosterone and α2u‐globulin in the serum. The weight of accessory sex organs and spermatogenesis appeared to be normal while 17β‐HSD activity increased in estrogen‐treated rats after treatment with corticosterone. It is concluded that corticosterone has an effect on testicular function by inducing α2u‐globulin and gonadotrophins in estrogen treated rats. Zusammenfassung:  Untersuchungen über die Auswirkungen einer Corticosteroidbehandlung auf die Hodenaktivität, die Gonadotropin‐, Testosteron‐ und α2u‐Globulin‐Konzentration im Serum von östrogenbehandelten Ratten Erwachsene männliche Ratten wurden mit 17β‐Östradiol (50μg/100 g K.G./Tag) über 7 Tage behandelt. Bei Tötung der Tiere 14 Tage später waren die Serumkonzentrationen der Gonadotropine, des Testosterons und des α2u‐Globulins eben‐so wie das Gewicht der Geschlechtsorgane reduziert wie auch die Aktivität der testikulären 17β‐Hydroxy‐Steroid‐Dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD) unterbunden war. Die Spermatogenese war unterdrückt. Die Gabe von Corticosteroid (2 mg/Tag) über 14 Tage steigerte bei den östrogenbehandelten Ratten die Serumkonzentration der Gonadotropine, des Testosterons und des α2u‐Globulins. Das Gewicht der Geschlechtsorgane und die Spermatogenese erschienen normal während die 17β‐HSD‐Aktivität bei den östrogenbehandelten Ratten nach Behandlung mit Corticosteroid anstieg. Es wird geschlossen, daß Corticosteroid eine Wirkung auf die Hodenfunktion über die Bildung des α2u‐Globulins und der Gonadotropine bei östrogenbehandelten Ratten hat. 1984 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Andrologia

Studies on the Effect of Corticosterone Treatment on Testicular Activity, Serum Concentration of Gonadotrophins, Testosterone and Î±2uâ€Globulin in Rats Preâ€Treated with Estrogen

Adult male rats were given injections of oestradiol-17β (50 μg/100 g body wt per day) for 7 days. When they are killed 14 days after the last injection, serum levels of gonadotrophins and testosterone and weights of accessory sex organs were less, testicular 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activity was suppressed and spermatogenesis was inhibited. Administration of α(2u)-globulin (1.5 mg/day) for 14 days to oestrogen-treated rats and for 10 days to control rats resulted in increased concentrations of gonadotrophins and testosterone in the serum. Accessory sex organ weight and spermatogenesis appeared to be normal while 17β-HSD activity increased in oestrogen-treated rats after treatment with α(2u)-globulin. It was concluded that α(2u)-globulin has an effect on testicular function in oestrogenized rats by inducing gonadotrophin and testosterone.

Journal of Endocrinology

Effect of Î±(2u)-globulin on serum concentration of gonadotrophins and testicular activity in oestrogen-treated rats

Treatment of adult male rats with estradiol-17β for 7 days results in adrenal hyperplasia, increased level of serum ACTH along with reduction in serum level of α2u-globulin and inhibition of adrenal 5-ene-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (5-ene-3β-HSD) activity. Administration of corticosterone in estrogen-treated rats reverses the effects of estrogen while in normal rats corticosterone treatment reduces adrenal weight, serum ACTH and adrenal 5-ene-3β-HSD activity. In vitro experiments show that α2u-globulin fails to change adrenal 5-ene-3β-HSD activity in corticosterone pretreated rats while in normal and estrogen pretreated rats α2u-globulin increases 5-ene-3β-HSD activity. © 1983.

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry

Effect of corticosterone on adrenal 5-ENE-3Î²-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in estrogen-treated rats

Zunahme der LH‐Aktion durch Prostaglandin E2 zur Verhinderung der antispermatogenetischen Wirkung von Indomethacin Die Anwendung von Indomethacin (I.) bei sexuell ausgereiften männlichen Albinoratten (175–200 g) verursachte eine antigonadale Aktion durch Hemmung der Leydig‐Zellen, der männlichen Adnexe und des Spermatocyten‐Spermatiden‐Entwicklungs‐Prozesses. Die Zufuhr von PGE2 oder PGF2a hatte keinen Einfluß auf das Kernvolumen der Leydigzellen oder auf die Organgewichte der akzessorischen Geschlechtsorgane; dagegen zeigte PGE2 einen restorativen Effekt auf die Effizienz der Meiose, allerdings ohne eine statistische Signifikanz. Die Anwendung von LH bei I.‐behandelten Ratten führte zu einer Wiederherstellung der akzessorischen Drüsen, allerdings mit einem nichtsignifikanten Effekt auf Stufe 7 der Meiose. Eine Simultananwendung von I., LH und PGE2 (nicht PGF2) bedingte sowohl eine Wiederherstellung der akzessorischen Drüsen und der Spermatodenanzahl bis auf Werte der Kontrolltiere. 1980 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Indomethacin & Spermatogenesis

α2u GLOBULIN is an androgen-dependent rat urinary protein with a molecular weight of about 23,800 (ref. 1). In the male rat, starting from puberty until senescence, α2u globulin is synthesised and secreted by the hepatic tissue and is rapidly cleared by the kidneys into the urine2-4. In addition to its urinary concentration α2u globulin has been found to be concentrated by the salivary glands and released into the saliva (A.K.R., and J.G.B., in preparation). Synthesis of this protein could be induced in the spayed female rat by androgen, and oestrogenic compounds completely inhibited α2u synthesis in the mature male rat5. But α2u globulin does not bind testosterone, oestradiol-17β or any of their metabolites (unpublished results of A.K.R.). Pretreatment of mature male rats with oestrogen induces a dose-dependent temporary lag period within which α2u globulin is not synthesised even under androgenic stimulation. With a daily oestradiol dose of 50 μg per 100g body weight a lag period extending up to 3-4 weeks has been established6. Although the adult male rat synthesises 20-30 mg of α2u globulin per day, no physiological role of this protein has yet been established. The close parallel between the male reproductive capability and the production of α2u globulin4,5 prompted us to look into the possible reproductive role of this protein. The discovery of the oestrogen-mediated lag period in the mature male rats also provided an opportunity to look into the spermatogenic abnormalities within this lag period and any reparative effects which α2u globulin may have on such damage. The results reported here demonstrate considerable protection of spermatogenesis by α2u globulin against potential damage by oestrogen. © 1975 Nature Publishing Group.

Nature

Protection of spermatogenesis by Î±2u globulin in rats treated with oestrogen

The hepatic synthesis of the androgendependent urinary protein in the rat, called a2u globulin, is strongly inhibited by estrogens. In mature male rats, treatment with estradiol-17β (0.5 μg/g body weight) completely inhibitsα2u synthesis within 6-7 days. Following withdrawal of estrogen treatmentα2u synthesis is not reinitiated for approximately 20 days. Parabiotic joining of estrogensuppressed male rats with their normal littermates within this lag period fails to change the preparabiotic pattern ofα2u synthesis in the respective partners. Besides estradio 1-17β, other estrane derivatives such as estrone, estriol and estradiol-17α were also found to inhibit the synthesis ofα2u globulin. All of the above estrane derivatives which inhibitα2u synthesis are also found to inhibit the uptake of 5α-dihydrotestosterone by the hepatic cytosol androgen binding protein of the mature male rat. Unlike cycloheximide, a known translational inhibitor, estradiol-17β does not inhibitα2u synthesis in the perfused rat liver. © 1975 by The Endocrine Society.

Journal	Experientia
Publisher	BirkhÃ¤user-Verlag
ISSN	0014-4754