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University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Pharmacognosy of Excoecaria agallocha L. bark (Euphorbiaceae)

Pharmaceutical Biology

Bark samples of Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), an indigenous drug of India, Philippines, etc. have been studied. Chemical, histochemical, anatomical, macromorphological and other pharmacognostic information (e.g. ash value, powder study, fluorescence, etc.) has been given. The bark drugs of the species can be distinguished from those of the allied species A. blanchetlii A.DC. by size and frequency of lenticels, cork-anatomy, number of phelloderm layers, size of starch grains, nature of pericyclic fibre patchés, depth of secondary phloem. Diagnostic features are: undulated wall of cork cells, absence of latex tubes (cells present), uniformly distributed rhomboidal crystals, positive reactions to alkaloidal and glycosidal tests, dirty green fluorescence of straw-coloured aqueous extracts, and blackish orange fluorescence of brownish yellow alcoholic extracts. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

Pharmacognosy of allamanda bark drugs

Root and stem barks of Thevetia peruviana have many lenticels, scales, cracks and fissures on the outer surface; coarse striations and corrugations and networks on the inner surface and granular fracture. Sections show elongated stone cells in outer cortex and brachysclereids in secondary phloem; starch grains and long latex cells in secondary phloem; crystals in rays. Stem bark can be distinguished from root bark by the less developed cork. Barks of different varieties of the species can be distinguished by surface colour, nature of wrinkles, cork depth, abundance of latex cells, extent of the secondary phloem, phloem fibre length, ray-height, ray abundance, colour reactions to reagents and fluorescence. © 1977 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

Journal	Pharmaceutical Biology
Publisher	Informa Healthcare
ISSN	1388-0209