Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, popularly known as mungdaal in India, is an important source of protein for supplementing the vegetarian diet in all the states of India. There are various varieties of mungbean. Depending upon the flavor and aroma, these are classified into two groups: (a) the good aromatic variety or Sonamung, and (b) the other, without any significant aroma, the Tilmung. In the present investigation, we attempted to propagate a good aromatic variety of mungbean (which is becoming nearly extinct) by in vitro shoot-tip multiplication. The best hormone combination in B5 medium was 0.2 mg of α-naphthalene acetic acid per 1 (1.074 μM) and 5 mg of N6-benzyladenine per 1 (22.192 μM). The plantlets were then rooted in hormone-free B5 medium and finally transferred to soil. This method of shoot-tip multiplication was found to be a reproducible and effective method for germplasm preservation of mungbean.

SARMISTHA RAYCHAUDHURI

Bio-Physics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics

S BETAL

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant

Purpose: Tissue culture has been exploited to understand molecular aspects of regeneration potential of the plants in normal and in stressed conditions. The present study describes ionizing radiation from 60Co source as the stress stimulator to assess in vitro development of somatic embryo of Vigna radiata, a protein-rich pulse. Materials and methods: Callus culture was established, using leaves of V. radiata. Somatic embryogenesis was induced by manipulating plant hormones. Calli were exposed to gamma rays. Genomic DNA isolated from gamma-irradiated callus samples were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. A band of molecular weight 1440 bp was used as a probe and Southern hybridization was carried out. To determine alterations in DNA following irradiation, RAPD bands were cloned and sequenced from control and irradiated samples. Embryogenic calli were exposed to gamma irradiation and the effects were assessed immediately and after seven days of exposure. Phenotypic alterations were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Exposed calli revealed altered frequency of somatic embryo formation. Results showed that the 1440 bp molecular weight probe hybridized with bands of low molecular weight. DNA sequences from irradiated samples showed recombination when compared to control. Scanning electron micrography illustrated presence of transient pores on the exposed embryos. BLAST search of the DNA sequences showed partial homology with some sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana. Conclusion: The present report might help in designing a breeding program, where both radiation coupled with somatic embryogenesis could be employed to build up the desired variants. © 2008 Informa UK Ltd.

International Journal of Radiation Biology

Radiation induced alterations in Vigna radiata during in vitro somatic embryogenesis

Purpose: The present investigation is aimed at studies on the effects of gamma rays on in vitro and in vivo damage in Vigna radiata. The parameters studied are germination frequency, seedling injury, isozyme alteration and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Results obtained are analyzed in the light of modern applications of radiation damage. Materials and methods: Seeds of Vigna radiata were subjected to gamma irradiation with a dose of 20 - 200 Gy. The percent of seedling damage and frequency of germination were determined. Callus samples were produced in vitro and exposed to gamma rays. The irradiated callus samples were processed to extract total protein, and specifically stained for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase isozymes. Total genomic DNA was extracted from irradiated callus samples and subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis using 23 random decamer primers. Results: Gamma irradiation resulted in retardation in seedling height and decrease in germination frequency in a dose dependent manner. Inhibition assay identified variation in response between different isoforms of SOD on radiation exposure. Changes in peroxidase activity were also observed following irradiation. RAPD analysis showed that new bands appeared in the 20 Gy irradiated sample which in the case of some primers showed similarity with the control. The calli irradiated with 50 Gy and 100 Gy of gamma rays was found to have striking resemblance in banding pattern. Callus irradiated at 200 Gy showed maximum damage. DNA damage as revealed by RAPD analysis was reflected in the appearance of new bands with varying molecular weights. Conclusion: New isoforms of SOD appeared after irradiation followed by 24 h recovery. Some isoforms of peroxidase reappeared in calli after 24 h recovery. Results of RAPD analysis indicated that the DNA polymorphism was dose dependent. © 2006 Informa UK Ltd.

Radiation-induced phenotypic alterations in relation to isozymes and RAPD markers in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Callus cultures were established from hypocotyl explants of Plantago ovata in Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2,4-D/Kinetin and NAA/BA combinations. Calluses growing on NAA/BA (0.4 mg 1-1 each) regenerated into plantlets after the second subculture when transferred to media containing IAA (0.2 mg 1-1) and BA (5 mg 1-1). Shoot tip multiplication was carried out in the same media with IAA and BA. Tissue samples from calluses, regenerating plantlets and multiplying shoot tips grown in vitro were extracted with protein extraction buffer and subjected to esterase and superoxide dismutase isozyme analysis. The calluses however, showed a uniform banding in esterase even when grown on different hormone combinations. The multiplying shootlets showed two new bands which were not found in either the control or the regenerating plants. A new band was also found in the multiplying shootlets when analysed for superoxide dismutase. It is postulated that those new enzyme forms which arise in esterase as well as in superoxide dismutase may either arise de novo or due to post-transcriptional modification of the genes and are essential for shoot tip multiplication of Plantago ovata. © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Journal	In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant
Publisher	Society for In Vitro Biology
ISSN	1054-5476
Open Access	No