Total lipids from hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, obtained in 7.6 and 3.3% wet weight respective yields, were fractionated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopic methods. Fatty acid-containing lipids were rich in 16:0 (8.0-25%), 18:1ω9 (6.9-22%) and 18:2ω6 (6.8-18.5%); appreciable amounts of 16:1ω7, 18:3ω3, 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 were also present. The level of 26:0 in the hydrocarbon fractions was unusually high (64 and 68%). Carbon chain lengths of major wax esters were 44, 46 and 48 for T. gigas and 38, 40 and 42 for C. rotundicauda. 1-O-Alkyl diglycerides were 7.2 and 9.1% of the total lipids in the two species and contained 14:0(20%), 16:0(60%) and 18:0(20%) alkyl chains along with a relatively higher percentage (32-35%) of saturated fatty acids. High levels of cholesterol (>50% of total sterol) in the free and combined state were encountered in both samples, phospholipid contents being 40 and 35%, respectively, and contained highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids. © 1989 American Oil Chemists' Society.

S C PAKRASHI

P K DUFFA

B ACHARI

S MISRA

A CHOUDHURY

S CHATTOPADHYAY

A GHOSH

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

&nbsp;

The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

&nbsp;

It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Lipids and fatty acids of the horseshoe crabsTachypleus gigas andCarcinoscorpius rotundicauda

Lipids

Two unusual lipid classes were detected by thin-layer chromatography in the neutral lipids derived from goat cauda-epididymal sperm plasma membrane. The lipids were identified as wax esters and 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerols based on chromatographic properties, identity of their hydrolysis products, and infrared/ 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral evidence. The membrane contained ca. 3 and 5 μg/mg protein of wax esters and alkyldiacylglycerols, respectively. The relative proportions of wax esters and alkyldiacylglycerols in the total neutral lipids were 1.5% and 2.4%, respectively. The lipids contained fatty acids with chain lengths of C 14 to C 22 . The major fatty acids of the wax esters were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1ω7, 18:0 and 18:1ω9. The fatty acids in alkyldiacylglycerol were 16:0, 18:0, 22:5ω3 and 22:6ω3. Alkyldiacylglycerol was particularly rich in docosahexaenoic acid 22:6ω3) representing 30% of the total fatty acids. The alcohols of wax ester were all saturated with C 20 -C 29 carbon chains. The deacylated products derived from alkyldiacylglycerols were identified as hexadecyl, octadecyl and octadec-9′-enyl glycerol ethers. © 1992 American Oil Chemists' Society.

Occurrence of wax esters and 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerols in goat epididymal sperm plasma membrane

Highly purified plasma membranes of maturing goat caput-, corpus- and cauda-epididymal spermatozoa were isolated by aqueous two-phase polymer methods and their lipid constituents were analysed. Phospholipid (approx. 75% w/w), neutral lipid (approx. 15% w/w) and glycolipid (approx. 10% w/w) were the major sperm membrane lipids. There was a significant decrease in the total lipids (approx. 25% w/w), phospholipid (approx. 30% w/w) and glycolipid (approx. 80% w/w) contents of sperm membrane during epididymal maturation. On the contrary, the mature cauda-sperm membrane showed greater (approx. 50% w/w) neutral lipid content than that of the immature caput sperm. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin were the phospholipids of the sperm membrane, the former two being the major lipids. Both PC and PE fractions consisted of three species - diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl forms, the last one being the dominant species in both PC and PE. Of all the phospholipids, diacyl PE decreased most strikingly (approx. 65% w/w) during sperm maturation. The neutral lipid fraction contained sterols, wax esters, 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and fatty acids. Sterols represented nearly 75% w/w of the neutral lipids and cholesterol was the major component (approx. 95% w/w) of the sterol fraction. The sperm maturity was associated with marked increase of sterol (approx. 60% w/w) and steryl ester (approx. 200% w/w) and decrease (approx. 50-65% w/w) of the other membrane-bound neutral lipids. The glycolipid was identified as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The fatty acid profile of the various membrane lipids underwent marked alteration during the epididymal transit of the male gametes. Cholesterol/phospholipid and saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratios increased greatly in the maturing sperm membrane. The altered lipid profile of the mature sperm membrane leads to changes in its fluidity that play an important role in determining the structure and functions of the biomembrane. © 1991.

BBA - Biomembranes

Lipid changes of goat sperm plasma membrane during epididymal maturation

Porteresia coarctata collected, at Prentice and Chuksar Islands of the Sunderban mangrove ecosystem, was studied for its lipid composition. Hydrocarbon, wax ester, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, sterols and terpenoids, were all found in higher proportions in the Prentice Island sample. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid in all fractions except for the steryl esters of P. coarctata collected from Prentice Island, where oleic and linoleic acids were the major components. Sterols found were, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and cholesterol, of which, sitosterol and stigmasterol were the major components. Terpenoids present were, β-amyrin, α-amyrin, lupeol, betulin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, of which, lupeol and oleanolic acid were the major components. Quantitative variations of the lipid constituents were found between the two samples studied. © 1988.

Phytochemistry

Lipid composition of Porteresia coarctata from two different mangrove habitats in India

Seven species of fresh mangrove leaves were found to contain saturated normal and branched chain hydrocarbons, mostly between C16 and C36 with both odd and even carbon numbers. Significant quantitative variations were found between species. Wax esters were found to contain fatty acids with chain lengths between C12 and C22. Palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids were the major component saturated fatty acids, whereas, oleic (18:1) and linolenic (18:3) acids were the major unsaturate α-acids. Chain lengths of the alcohols of wax esters were between C14 and C36. Significant quantitative and minor qualitative differences were noted in the alcohol composition of wax esters. Hydrocarbon and wax ester compositions were characterised by the presence of low M, components in high proportions. © 1987.

Hydrocarbons and wax esters from seven species of mangrove leaves

Mangrove plant leaves of Avicennia officinalis, Acanthus illicifolius and Bruguiera gymnorhiza, grown under tidal water stress, were found to biosynthesize higher proportions of hydrocarbons, wax esters, sterol esters, triglycerides, sterols and low-M, terpenes, compared to the plants grown normally. Hydrocarbons and n-alcohols of wax esters, with longer chain lengths were found in higher proportions in the plants grown normally. Higher proportions of unsaturated n-alcohols of wax esters were present in the leaves of periodically submerged plants. Proportions of unsaturated fatty acids of wax esters, sterol esters and triglycerides were also higher in the submerged plants. Sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol of the sterol esters, were higher in submerged plants, whereas 28-isofucosterol was higher in normal plants. Of the free sterols, sitosterol was higher in submerged plants, whereas stigmast-7-en-3β-ol and campesterol were higher in normal plants and 28-isofucosterol was found only in submerged plants. Pentacyclic triterpenoids were found only in normal plants, whereas, the submerged plants contained low-M, terpenes in higher proportions. © 1986.

Effect on the leaf lipids of three species of mangrove of periodic submergence in tidal water

The gastropod mollusc Cerithidea obtusa was examined for its lipids and fatty acids. The non-polar lipids identified were hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids and sterols. The major phospholipid was phosphatidyl choline. The predominant fatty acids were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Combinations of chromatographic techniques have been employed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the lipids and fatty acids of C. obtusa. © 1986.

Food Chemistry

Lipids and fatty acids of the gastropod mollusc Cerethidea obtusa

Fatty acids of total lipid, neutral lipid, triglyceride, sterol ester and phosphatidylcholine of Cerethidea cingulata (Gmelin) have been determined. Levels of 16:1 (14%), 20:5ω3 (15%) and nonsaponifiables (40%) were found. © 1986 AOCS Press.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetLipids
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer-Verlag
ISSN	0024-4201