The present work reports the spectral signatures of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) reaction in 3-amino- 4-methyl benzoic acid (AMBA). AMBA exhibits large red-shifted emission in various solvents with the emission maxima being highly sensitive to the solvent polarity. Solvatochromic measurements of AMBA on the basis of its steady state absorption and emission properties appears to confirm the operation of photoinduced ICT reaction in it with the ICT state being characterized by a higher excited state dipole moment than that of the ground state. Laser induced fluorescence excitation spectra and dispersed fluorescence spectra of AMBA and its solvated clusters with polar solvent methanol in the cooled jet yield quite distinct evidence for the occurrence of ICT reaction in polar solvent. © 2012 IACS.

NIKHIL GUCHHAIT

Chemistry

S GHOSH

B K PAUL

A CHAKRABORTY

D N NATH

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Indian Journal of Physics

We present a strategy for enhancing the dissociation probability of a diatomic molecule, namely LiH, by designing optimal laser pulse. Dissociation dynamics is followed by solving time-dependent Schrödinger equation using time-dependent Fourier Grid Hamiltonian technique with optimal laser pulse function, generated by using the stochastic optimization technique of simulated annealing. We show that as we increase number of variable parameters while designing the optimal time dependent perturbation, higher dissociation is obtained. The step-wise increase in dissociation probability with the increase in complexity of designed pulse is clearly shown. © 2013 Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.

Optimal designing of polychromatic field for maximum dissociation of LiH molecule

Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) reaction has been investigated in 5-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid methyl ester (DPDAME) using spectroscopic techniques. The molecule DPDAME shows local emission in non-polar solvent and dual emission in polar solvents. Solvatochromic effects on the Stokes shifted emission band clearly demonstrate the charge transfer character of the excited state. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed at Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theoretical (DFT) levels to correlate the experimental findings. Potential energy curves (PECs) for the ICT reaction have been evaluated along the donor twist angle at DFT and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) levels for the ground and excited states, respectively, using B3LYP hybrid functional and 6-31G** basis set. The solvent effects on the spectral properties have been explored theoretically at the same level with time dependent density functional theory-polarized continuum model (TDDFT-PCM) and the theoretical results are found to well substantiate the solvent polarity dependent Stokes shifted emission of DPDAME. Huge enhancement of dipole moment (Δμ=16.42 D) of the molecule following photoexcitation dictates the highly polar character of the excited state. Although elucidation of PECs does not exactly predict the operation of ICT according to twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) model in DPDAME, lowering of vertical transition energy as a function of the donor twist coordinate scripts the occurrence of red shifted emission as observed experimentally. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Journal of Luminescence

Evidence for excited state intramolecular charge transfer reaction in donor-acceptor molecule 5-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid methyl ester: Experimental and quantum chemical approach

Photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer reactions in 4-amino-3-methyl benzoic acid methyl ester (AMBME) have been investigated spectroscopically. AMBME, with its weak charge donor primary amino group, shows dual emission in polar solvents. Absorption and emission measurements in the condensed phase support the premise that the short wavelength emission band corresponds to local emission and the long wavelength emission band to the charge transfer emission. Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra show the presence of two low-energy conformers in jet-cooled molecular beams. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory help to determine structure, vibrational modes, potential energy surface, transition energy and oscillator strength for correlating experimental findings with theoretical results. © Indian Academy of Sciences.

Fulltext

Journal of Chemical Sciences

Photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer reactions in 4-amino-3-methyl benzoic acid methyl ester: A fluorescence study in condensed-phase and jet-cooled molecular beams

A donor acceptor substituted aromatic system trans-3-(4-monomethylamino-phenyl)-acrylonitrile (MMAPA) has been synthesized and its photophysical behavior has been investigated in the solvent of different polarity by steady state absorption and emission, time-resolved emission and quantum chemical calculations. The observed dual fluorescence of MMAPA in polar aprotic solvents has been assigned to emission from the locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer states. The low-energy emission in protic solvent is attributed to the hydrogen-bonded complex. Potential energy surfaces for the ground and excited states along the donor (-NHMe group) and acceptor (acrylonitrile group) twist coordinates have been calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and time-dependent density functional theory-polarized continuum model (TDDFT-PCM) in the gas phase and in acetonitrile solvent, respectively. Calculations predict that the stabilized excited state along the twist coordinate is responsible for the solvent dependent red shifted charge transfer emission. It is found that the twisting along the donor site is energetically favorable compared to that of the acceptor site. The canonical crossing of the excited states for the twisting of the donor group and localized nitrogen lone pair orbital of -NHMe group at the perpendicular configuration with respect to p-orbitals of benzene ring support TICT model for photo-induced charge transfer reaction in MMAPA molecule. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical Physics

Photophysical properties of trans-3-(4-monomethylamino-phenyl)-acrylonitrile: Evidence of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process

The photophysical behaviour of trans-methyl p-(dimethylamino) cinnamate (t-MDMAC) donor-acceptor system has been investigated by steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The molecule t-MDMAC shows an emission from the locally excited state in non-polar solvents. In addition to weak local emission, a strong solvent dependent red shifted fluorescence in polar aprotic solvents is attributed to highly polar intramolecular charge transfer state. However, the formation of hydrogen-bonded clusters with polar protic solvents has been suggested from a linear correlation between the observed red shifted fluorescence band maxima with hydrogen bonding parameters (α). Calculations by ab initio and density functional theory show that the lone pair electron at nitrogen center is out of plane of the benzene ring in the global minimum ground state structure. In the gas phase, a potential energy surface along the twist coordinate at the donor (-NMe 2) and acceptor (-CH = CHCOOMe) sites shows stabilization of S 1 state and destabilization S2 and S0 states. A similar potential energy calculation along the twist coordinate in acetonitrile solvent using non-equilibrium polarized continuum model also shows more stabilization of S1 state relative to other states and supports solvent dependent red shifted emission properties. In all types of calculations it is found that the nitrogen lone pair is delocalized over the benzene ring in the global minimum ground state and is localized on the nitrogen centre at the 90° twisted configuration. The S1 energy state stabilization along the twist coordinate at the donor site and localized nitrogen lone pair at the perpendicular configuration support well the observed dual fluorescence in terms of proposed twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) model. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) reaction in trans-methyl p-(dimethylamino) cinnamate: A combined fluorescence measurement and quantum chemical calculations

A donor-acceptor substituted aromatic system (E)-3-(4-Methylamino-phenyl)- acrylic acid methyl ester (MAPAME) has been synthesized, and its photophysical behavior obtained spectroscopically has been compared with the theoretical results. The observed dual fluorescence from MAPAME has been assigned to emission from locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer states. The donor and acceptor angular dependency on the ground and excited states potential energy surfaces have been calculated both in vacuo and in acetonitrile solvent using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and TDDFT polarized continuum model (TDDFT-PCM), respectively. Calculation predicts that a stabilized twisted excited state is responsible for red shifted charge transfer emission. © 2006 American Chemical Society.

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer reaction in (E)-3-(4-methylamino-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester: A fluorescence study in combination with TDDFT calculation

Journal	Indian Journal of Physics
Publisher	INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCIENCE
ISSN	0973-1458
Open Access	No