The present study involves in vitro propagation of Iphigenia indica (Kunth.) through multiplication of whole corms and corm buds. The whole corms produced very small micro-corms, which developed plants individually whereas corm buds multiplied to produce numerous shoots at variable rates in presence of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The best response in corm and bud multiplication was obtained in Murashige and Skoog's basal medium (MS) supplemented with 2.69 μM NAA and 8.88 μM BAP. The shoots regenerated were further cultured on MS medium containing NAA and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for initiation of roots. MS medium with 5.38 μM NAA and 4.92 μM IBA induced highest percentage of roots (81%) within 2 weeks in culture.

M J MUKHOPADHYAY

S MUKHOPADHYAY

S SEN

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

In vitro propagation of Iphigenia indica, an alternative source of colchicine

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture

Mucuna pruriens L. is an important medicinal plant reported to contain L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA). The present report describes a simple protocol for plant regeneration through callus morphogenesis in four strains belonging to two different varieties of Mucuna pruriens. Friable, soft and nodular callus was induced from nodal and internodal segments of in vitro-grown seedlings on modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). For regeneration of shoots, the callus tissues were transferred to medium supplemented with various levels of cytokinin. Highest shoot regeneration from the callus tissue was achieved in modified MS medium fortified with BAP at 1.33 μM level. The regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro in half-strength of liquid MS medium supplemented with various levels of NAA. The regenerates were acclimatized for 2-3 weeks and showed about 80 % survival rate after transferring to the field. Cytological analysis revealed chromosome number stability of all the regenerates (2n022) with complete absence of aneuploidy. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analyses of total genomic DNA supported stability at the molecular level among all the clones of these strains when compared with their mother plants. © Archana Sharma Foundation of Calcutta 2012.

Nucleus (India)

Rapid and stable in vitro regeneration of plants through callus morphogenesis in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens L. - An anti Parkinson's drug yielding plant

Reports on increment in L-DOPA content in micropropagated plants, regenerated through a simple technique following shoot bud multiplication in four strains of two different varieties of Mucuna pruriens are made. Nodal segments from in vitro grown seedlings were cultured on modified MS with various concentrations and combinations of BAP, 2iP, Kn either alone or with NAA. Highest shoot regeneration from the callus was achieved in modified MS fortified with BAP at 1.33 μM level. The regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro in half-strength of liquid MS supplemented with various levels of NAA (0.54 - 10.7 μM) or IBA (0.49 - 9.85 μM). However, roots of superior quality were obtained at 5.4 μM NAA level after two weeks in culture. The regenerants were acclimatized for 2 - 3 weeks and about 85% survival rate was observed after transferring to the field. Both chromosome number stability as well as stability in nuclear DNA contents of the regenerants of all these strains was recorded with complete absence of aneuploidy. The different strains have revealed two to threefolds increase in L-DOPA contents in the cultured plants. The L-DOPA concentration in leaves of the regenerated plants varied from11.85 - 15.42 mg/g dry weight in all these accessions. However, the highest amount was observed in the wild strain of M. pruriens. This is the first report on enhancement of L-DOPA content in differentiated tissue of cultured plants of both the varieties of M. pruriens.

Fulltext

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology

Enhancement of L-DOPA production in micropropagated plants of two different varieties of Mucuna pruriens L., available in India

An efficient and rapid protocol has been reported for the first time for plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from corm and young corm buds of Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth, an important colchicine yielding threatened medicinal plant of Colchicaceae. Soft, friable and well proliferating callus was initiated in Murashige and Skoog's modified basal medium (MS) supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.05 mg/1 (w/v) each of nicotinic acid, thiamine-HCl, pyridoxine-HCl, ascorbic acid, 0.1 mg/1 (w/v) glutamine, 0.25% (w/v) Gelrite® and a combination of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.0/0.5 mg/l). Such callus became nodular and embryonic in nature after transferring to the same MS modified medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) ( 1.0 mg/l). The globular embryos were observed in this medium after 4 weeks in culture. The transition of globular stage occurred when embryonic callus mass was shifted to half strength of MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l kinetin with production of maximum percentage of embryos showing distinct epicotyl and hypocotyl differentiation (65.4±0.46). These growing embryos developed into complete plants with well-formed root and shoot systems in the same medium containing 1% (w/v) sucrose. All the regenerates showed stability in chromosome number (2n=22) with 87.4% survival rate after 2-3 weeks of hardening. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed higher amount of colchicine in the regenerated corm-like bulbous structures than in vivo corms. However, both regenerated and in vivo shoots contained negligible amount of colchicine. © 2008 The Japan Mendel Society.

Cytologia

High frequency in vitro propagation through somatic embryogenesis of Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth, an endangered medicinal and colchicines yielding herb of commercial interest

The present study involves in vitro propagation of Hemidesmus indicus (L) R Br through bud multiplication and subsequent plant regeneration.The buds multiplied to produce numerous shoots at variable rates in presence of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) as well as NAA and kinetin. The best response in bud multiplication was obtained in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg I-1 NAA and 2.0 mg I-1 BAP (7-8 shoots per explant) and the bud break time was only 4 days after inoculation. The multiplication rate was low when the buds were cultured in NAA and kinetin media and the shootlets regenerated were very thin, weak and elongated. The shoots regenerated were further cultured on MS and half strength MS basal media with variable levels of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for initiation of roots. Culture of shootlets for 3-4 weeks in one half strength of MS medium followed by culturing in the same medium with 1.5 mg I-1 IBA induced highest production of roots (3-5 roots per shoot) within 2 weeks. Chromosome number stability with no detectable structural changes was observed in the regenerates. The rooted plants were successfully established in the soil with 85% survival rate.

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

In vitro clonal propagation through bud culture of Hemidesmus indicus (L) R Br: An important medicinal herb

Karyological changes in the callus tissue of Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm. at different ages have been analysed both by counting chromosome number and quantitating DNA content through cytophotometry. The cultures had been established from the tuber and maintained in modified Murashige and Skoog's basal medium (Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497, 1962) supplemented with 2,4-D, NAA and BAP. Abnormality in chromosome behaviour leading to the formation of hypo- and hyperdiploid cells along with the diploid cells was observed. The abnormalities reached an optimum at different ages of the callus followed by a decline which varied amongst three populations. The frequency of hyperdiploid cells was higher than that of the hypodiploids. The role of endomitotic replication as well as non-disjunction of chromosomes resulting in the variation in chromosome number has been suggested. This was supported by the nuclear DNA value in successive passages. A difference in average amount of nuclear DNA with increase in age of the callus was recorded and the value also differed amongst these populations. © 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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ISSN	0167-6857