Graft copolymerization of acrylamide on cotton (dialdelyde cellulose, DAC) fibers and fabrics was studied in a limited aqueous system using K2S2O8 as the initiator. Grafting parameters under different sets of conditions were determined and the mechanism of graft copolymerization discussed. Optimum conditions for grafting were established and the effect of polyacrylamide grafting on tenacity, modulus, breaking elongation, and stiffness of the cotton (DAC) fabrics and on their dyeability and moisture regain properties were also studied; 9–10% grafting of polyacrylamide on (DAC) fabric at pH 7–10 imparts an improved balance in its mechanical and other properties. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

P GHOSH

D DEV

A K SAMANTA

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Jute fabric was treated with mixed natural amino acids obtained from waste soya bean seed extract for chemical modification of jute for its cataionization and to enhance its dyeability with anionic dyes (like direct, reactive and acid dye) as well enabling soya modified jute for salt free dyeing with anionic reactive dyes maintaining its eco-friendliness. Colour interaction parameters including surface colour strength were assessed and compared for both bleached and soya-modified jute fabric for reactive dyeing and compared with direct and acid dye. Improvement in K/S value (surface colour strength) was observed for soya-modified jute even in absence of salt applied in dye bath for reactive dyes as well as for direct and acid dyes. In addition, reactive dye also shows good dyeability even in acid bath in salt free conditions. Colour fastness to wash was evaluated for bleached and soya-modified jute fabric after dyeing with direct, acid and reactive dyes are reported. Treatment of jute with soya-extracted mixed natural amino acids showed anchoring of some amino/aldemine groups on jute cellulosic polymer evidenced from Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy. This amino or aldemine group incorporation in bleached jute causes its cationization and hence when dyed in acid bath for reactive dye (instead of conventional alkali bath) showed dye uptake for reactive dyes. Study of surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of said soya-modified jute as compared to bleached jute was studied and reported. © 2017, The Institution of Engineers (India).

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series E

Comparative Studies on Dyeability with Direct, Acid and Reactive Dyes after Chemical Modification of Jute with Mixed Amino Acids Obtained from Extract of Waste Soya Bean Seeds

Bleached cotton fabric was chemically modified (cationized)with natural amino acids extract obtained by acid hydrolysis (6N HCL) from soya bean seed waste, adding MgCl2 as an acid donor in the pad-dry-calendaring process to investigate the changes in textile properties and its dyeability with reactive dye in both a conventional alkaline dye bath and salt-free acidic dye bath. This modified cotton incorporates new functional groups producing (Formula presented.) in acid bath to obtain cationized cotton, rendering it to eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing at acceptable shade depth without much sacrifice of other textile-related properties. Bi-functional high exhaustion-type reactive dye shows better dye uptake than mono-functional cold brand as well as hot brand reactive dye. Moreover, the application of a specific dye fixing agent further improves surface color depth (K/S) of the soya-modified cotton fabric. The study of surface morphology of said chemically modified cotton substrate indicates a higher degree of surface deposition, that is, more anchorage of soya extracted amino acids on cotton fabric. Chemical anchorage as per the reaction scheme postulated for such modifications is verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Finally, it is revealed that cotton treated with soya extract provides a new route of eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing with high exhaustion-type reactive dyes showing much higher dye uptake than the control cotton fabric. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.

Textile Research Journal

Eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton (muslin) fabric after cationization with amino acid from soya

Bleached cotton muslin fabric with or without pre-oxidized with NaIO4 (oxy-cotton) was chemically modified with glycine (amino acid) by pad dry calendar process to investigate the changes in textile properties and its dyeability with reactive dye. This glycine modified cotton incorporates new functional groups producing –NH3 + or –C=NH+ -ion (cationic groups) in acid bath to obtain cationized cotton making it amenable to a newer route of salt free reactive dyeing in acid bath. In the present work the process variables of reactive dyeing in the salt free acid bath for dyeing of amine (glycine) modified cationized cotton were studied and optimized. The present study also includes thorough investigation of changes in important textile related properties and dyeability with reactive dye after such chemical modifications. Between oxidized and unoxidized cotton muslin fabric, unoxidized cotton fabric shows better reactive dye uptake in both conventional alkaline bath dyeing and nonconventional salt free acid bath dyeing particularly for high exhaustion class of reactive dye with acceptable level of colour fastness and overall balance of other textile related properties. Moreover, application of dye fixing agent further improves surface colour depth (K/S) of the glycine treated cotton fabric for HE brand of reactive dyes. Corresponding reaction mechanisms for such modifications were supported by FTIR spectroscopy. Finally unoxidized cotton and pre-oxidized cotton further treated with glycine (amino acid) provide a new route of acid bath salt free reactive dyeing showing much higher dye uptake and higher degree of surface cover with amino acid residue anchored to modified cotton. © 2015, The Institution of Engineers (India).

Studies on Dyeing Process Variables for Salt Free Reactive Dyeing of Glycine Modified Cationized Cotton Muslin Fabric

Changes in structural features of jute fiber subjected to (a) limited oxidation using K2S2O8 or NaIO4 and subsequently to (b) treatment with monomeric/ oligomeric glycols or acrylamide under specified conditions have been investigated through X-ray defractometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry in the present study. Changes in surface morphology due to specified chemical treatments have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopic study. Observed chemical changes as revealed from FTIR-study have been explained through proposed reaction mechanism. Oxidative pretreatments by both NaIO4 and K2S2O8 causes some damage in the fiber surface structure, reduction in crystallinity percentage and show less thermal stability with generation of more -CHO groups in oxy-jute state; the treatment being relatively milder for K2S2O8 pretreatment than NaIO4 pretreatment. However, when K2S2 O8 pretreated oxy-jute is further treated with either 8% dosage of acrylamide or ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol or 1:1 mixture of acrylamide and polyethylene glycol-1500, it renders measurable improvement in surface appearance and morphology of jute fibers, somewhat increased crystallinity in fine structure, less thermal stability for polyacrylamide grafted jute, and higher thermal stability for ethylene glycol modified jute. However, the treatment of K2S2O8 pretreated oxy-jute with 1:1 mixture of 4% acrylamide and 4% PEG-1500 renders a balanced improvement in all these structural features of jute fiber. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.

Journal of Natural Fibers

Structural features of glycol and acrylamide treated jute fiber

Changes in textile related properties of jute fibre subjected to (a) limited oxidation using K2S2O8 or NaIO4 and subsequently to (b) treatment with monomeric/ oligomeric glycols or acrylamide under specified condition were studied. Comparison of observed effects indicated that presoaking of jute fibre at room temperature with 0.5% aqueous K2S2 O8 followed by an exposure to U-V light for 15 min and subsequent treatment with (i) 8% ethylene glycol, (ii) 8% acrylamide and (iii) a mixture of 4% polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 1500(i.e. PEG 1500) and 4% acrylamide produced mentionworthy improvement in textile related properties in respect of weight gain, moisture absorption, linear density, tenacity retention, coefficient of friction, flexural rigidity, surface reflectance, whiteness index, yellowness index and brightness index. Treatment of oxy-jute (K2 S2O8-treated) fibre by 1:1 mixture of acrylamide and PEG under the prescribed optimal condition appears to produce the most encouraging results as far as tenacity retention, surface appeance and colour parameters including brightness and surface reflectance of jute fibre are concerned. © 2007 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of glycol and acrylamide treatments on textile-related properties of jute fibre

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on oxycellulose modified with hydrazine treatment was studied in a limited aqueous system using K2S2O2 as the initiator. Hydrazine modified oxycellulose prepared from oxycellulose corresponding to low degrees of oxidation (copper nos. 2–6) produced the best grafting effects. Grafting parameters under different sets of conditions were studied and compared and the mechanism of graft copolymerization discussed. Copyright © 1986 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

Journal	Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Publisher	-
ISSN	0021-8995