Human peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy male and female individuals of different age groups were treated with two aqueous doses (0.5 μg and 1.0 μg) of trimethyltin chloride in mitogen stimulated and serum supplemented culture medium for 72 h at 37°C. Chromatid and chromosome types of aberrations were observed to be increased in both treated sets in all age groups. Significant variations were observed between age groups (P < 0.001) and between experimental sets (P < 0.001). Moreover, interaction of chemical and donors age was statistically highly significant (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). However, no linear correlation between the increase of donor's age and aberrations was observed. © 1991.

B B GHOSH

G TALUKDER

A SHARMA

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

&nbsp;

The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

&nbsp;

It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by trimethyltin chloride in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro: related to age of donors.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

The comparative effects of inorganic and organic tin compounds on chromosomes were assessed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors 20-40 years of age. The endpoints observed were chromosomal abnormalities, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and cell cycle kinetics. The maximum concentrations which reduced the replicative index by about 50%, of stannic chloride and trimethyltin chloride were 40 μg and 2 μg per culture respectively. The tested doses were 20 μg and 10 μg of stannic chloride and 1 μg and 0.5 μg of trimethyltin chloride. Both doses of stannic chloride induced a much higher frequency of chromosomal abnormalities (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) and a greater reduction of cell cycle kinetics than the corresponding relative doses of trimethyltin chloride. The frequencies of SCEs/cell induced by the latter were, however, slightly higher than those induced by the former. © 1992.

Mutation Research Letters

Cytotoxicity of tin on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

Frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and replicative index were assessed following peripheral lymphocyte culture in 129 individuals from Bhopal, India. Of these, 83 persons (40 male and 43 female) had been exposed directly to the methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas after the accident at the Union Carbide plant on December 2 and 3, 1984. The remaining 46 samples were taken from age-matched unexposed persons in the same city. Chromosome aberrations were recorded at first cycle metaphase (M1) and sister chromatid exchanges, at second cycle metaphase (M2), following standard schedule. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was, in general, higher in individuals from the exposed populations, with the females showing a higher incidence. Nondisjunction of chromosomes or laggard was rare. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and depression in mitotic and replicative indices could not be related to exposure or sex. The persistence of chromosomal abnormalities in the form of replicating minutes and exchange configurations, even 1114 days after exposure to the gas, may indicate a residual effect on T-cell precursors.

Fulltext

Environmental Health Perspectives

Cytogenetic studies in human populations exposed to gas leak at Bhopal, India

Two concentrations (0.5 μg and 1.0 μg) of trimethyltin chloride were added to lymphocytes of healthy male and female donors of different age groups and cultured at 37°C for 72 h. The range and mean number of sister chromatid exchanges were significantly increased in the treated cells but could not be related to age or sex of the donor. © 1989.

Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges induced by trimethyltin chloride in human peripheral blood lymphocytes as related to age of donors. A brief report

Trimethyltin chloride was found to induce cytotoxic damage in vitro in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Two concentrations (0.5 μg and 1.0 μg) were added to lymphocytes from male and female subjects in mitogen stimulated and serum supplemented culture medium for 72 h. A dose-related increase of inhibition of replication index (P < 0.01) and cell division (P < 0.001) was observed. The frequencies of abnormal cells and chromosomal aberrations such as chromatid and chromosome breaks, dicentrics, triradial and quadriradial configurations were increased significantly (P < 0.001), as were micronucleus counts (P < 0.001) and sister chromatid exchanges (P < 0.001). Endoreduplication, an extremely rare spontaneous event in human lymphocytes, was observed in a few cases at all dose levels. The effects were more pronounced in lymphocytes obtained from habitual smokers. © 1989, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

Human and Experimental Toxicology

Cytotoxic Effects of Trimethyltin Chloride on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in vitro

An analysis of the available data on the clastogenic effects of metals and their compounds on higher organisms indicates some general trends. Following chronic exposure to subtoxic doses, a decrease in mitotic frequency and an increase in the number of chromosomal abnormalities are observed. These effects are usually directly proportional to the dose applied and the duration of treatment within the threshold limits. Recovery after acute treatment is inversely related to the dosage. The ultimate expression of the effects depends on certain factors, including the mode and vehicle of administration; the form administered; the test system used; the rate of detoxification, distribution, and retention in the different tissues; and interaction with foreign and endogenous substances as well as the mode of action with the biological macromolecules. In mammals, the clastogenic activity of the metals within each vertical group of the periodic table is directly proportional to the increase in atomic weight, electropositivity, and solubility of the metallic cations in water and lipids, except for Li and Ba. This pattern of inherent cytotoxicity increases with successive periods in the horizontal level. It is enhanced by the formation of covalent and coordinate covalent complexes by heavy metals with the biological macromolecules. In plants, the solubility of the metals in water is of much greater importance. The degree of dissociation of metallic salts and the rate of absorption affect significantly the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. In assessing the effects of environmental metal pollution, the presence of other metals and toxic chemicals and the level of nutrition should be taken into account, since in nature, metals occur in combination and these factors modify the cytotoxic effects to a significant extent. Copyright © 1987 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company

Journal	Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
Publisher	-
ISSN	0047-6374