The purpose of this study was to compare various seminal plasma parameters in fresh human ejaculates exhibiting different amounts of coagulum. Poorly coagulating samples demonstrated significantly lower osmolality and buffering capacity but had a higher pH than did samples with good coagulation. However, no correlation was obtained between the activity of superoxide dismutase and the amount of coagulum. Eight hours after ejaculation, sperm motility had decreased by 15 and 80% in samples with good and poor coagulation, respectively. It is suggested that subfertility may be associated with poor coagulation of ejaculates. Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

A MANDAL

A K BHATTACHARYYA

Fulltext

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

International Journal of Andrology

This study demonstrated that semenogelin I and II, the predominant and the major basic human seminal coagulum proteins respectively were shown to be potent activators of sperm hyaluronidase. These proteins stimulated the activity of bovine testicular hyaluronidase, goat cauda sperm hyaluronidase and human ejaculated sperm hyaluronidase. Human seminal plasma protein, which predominantly contains the basic degradation residues of the basic coagulum proteins and albumin (pI 4.7) and which is also basic at the assay pH 3.8, also showed activation of bovine testicular hyaluronidase while acidic pepsin (pI < 1.0) exhibited no such activation. The findings may be utilized as an assay method for comparative evaluation of specific activation units of the purified basic seminal coagulum proteins or their cleavage products and for quantifying the total basic protein (pI > 3.8) units in human seminal plasma. One unit of the coagulum protein was defined as the amount of the activator that increases 1 mIU of hyaluronidase activity by 50%. The specific activity of the 57 kDa and 75-79 kDa coagulum proteins, and that of serum albumin against Sigma bovine testicular hyaluronidase (type IV), were 11 447, 8600 and 6252 units per mg protein respectively. It was speculated that human seminal coagulum proteins may have an activation effect on spermatozoal hyaluronidase activity in vivo. © 1995 Oxford University Press.

Human Reproduction

Andrology: Sperm hyaluronidase activation by purified predominant and major basic human seminal coagulum proteins

Using SDS‐PAGE three major high molecular‐weight coagulum proteins (57, 75 and 79 kD) were identified in unliquefied human ejaculates. Washed coagulum was prepared at pH 4.5 and demonstrated negligible proteolysis as determined by a highly sensitive fluorescamine‐based method. Laser densitometric scanning of these high molecular‐weight proteins in unliquefied ejaculates in relation to their coagulational failure revealed that the total content of 57, 75 and 79 kD proteins in whole semen represented ˜ 44% of levels in the normally coagulated, ˜ 24% in poorly coagulated (P<0.005) and ˜ 3% in the non‐coagulated (alkaline liquid, P<0.001) samples. The findings imply that these predominant high molecular‐weight proteins play a major role in human seminal coagulum formation. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

Deficiency in major high molecularâ€weight seminal proteins in men producing poorly coagulating and alkaline liquid ejaculates

Prolactin and α‐1,4‐glucosidase levels in seminal plasma were measured in poorly coagulated (I), deficiently coagulated (II) and normally coagulated (III and IV) human ejaculates having 0–20%, 21–50% and 51–100% coagulum respectively 4 min after emission. The prolactin concentration (ng ml‐1, mean ± SEM) in poorly coagulated (5.2 ± 0.48) and deficiently coagulated (7.6 ± 0.72) samples was significantly lower than in the normally coagulated groups III (51–75% coagulum, 8.2 ± 0.43) and IV (76–100% coagulum, 9.9 ± 0.59) as well as the presumably fertile samples (9.2 ± 0.74). A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the profactin level and the percentage coagulum of the ejaculates (r = 0.686, n=58, P&lt;0.001). In contrast, the epididymal marker, α‐glucosidase showed no relationship to seminal coagulation. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

Prolactin and Î±â€1, 4â€glucosidase activity in normal and poorly coagulated human semen

Intra-individual inter-ejaculate variations in the amounts of protein, fructose, N-acetylamino sugar, phosphate, sialic acid and amino sugar in washed coagulum from normal ejaculates of men were highly consistent (N = 9). All the prostatic components studied (acid phosphatase, zinc, calcium and citric acid), except zinc, in the washed coagulum were reduced by 90% of their values in semen (N = 5). The seminal vesicular markers (fructose, N-acetylamino sugar and phosphate) had no association with the coagulum structure and represented the soluble components (N = 5). The concentrations of protein and zinc in the coagulum were higher than those of semen by 114% and 32% respectively. The coagulum contained sialic acid and amino sugar as integrated components.

Journal of Reproduction and Fertility

Biochemical composition of washed human seminal coagulum in comparison to sperm-free semen from the same donors

Variations in the coagulation-liquefaction property of human seminal coagula have rarely been correlated to their ingredients. A number of seminal components were evaluated in relation to the degree of coagulation and the liquefaction time of human ejaculates. Correlation analyses suggested that the vesicular coagulatory activity can better be assessed by the phosphate level rather than the fructose and N-acetylamino sugar levels. The results showed that the fresh ejaculates with a smaller amount of coagulum possess significantly higher prostatic but lower vesicular activities in comparison with that of the better coagulating samples. The study also revealed that liquefaction time-based fractionation of the whole ejaculate seems to give an idea about the origin of some seminal components like split ejaculation technique. It was concluded that the material characteristics of human ejaculate can be approximated simply by determining its degree of coagulation or liquefaction time. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

Phosphate, zinc, calcium, citric acid, and acid phosphatase in human ejaculates as related to coagulation/liquefaction

One-hundred-one natural and synthetic enzyme inhibitors or inactivators were screened in vitro against the liquefaction property of human ejaculates with a view to develop antiliquefying agents for vaginal contraception. Of those compounds, 27 demonstrated no effect, 36 quickened and 20 delayed the process of liquefaction, while 18 agents stopped it completely. The highly effective antiliquefying agents also showed spermicidal property and were found to coagulate even the liquid ejaculates. Compounds having antiliquefying property, together with coagulating and spermicidal activities, will offer a highly promising approach towards vaginal contraception. © 1986.

Contraception

Human seminal antiliquefying agents - A potential approach towards vaginal contraception

Human ejaculates were divided into 3 groups (I, II and III) according to the extent of their coagulation and the levels of free choline and cholinesterase were determined together with seminal vesicular N‐acetylamino sugar and prostatic (zinc) marker components. Coagulation was determined as the percent coagulum (CG) at 5 min after ejaculation. The mean (± SEM) values for CG at 5 min in groups I, II and III were 6 ± 2, 43 ± 4 and 79 ± 2, respectively. The time for 100% liquefaction in the 3 groups were 4.7 ± 0.8, 12.9 ± 1.4 and 19.1 ± 2.1 min, respectively. Group III had significantly higher levels of choline and cholinesterase activity than groups I and II. The choline level was correlated significantly (r = 0.58) with the concentration of N‐acetylamino sugar, but there was no correlation with the level of zinc. Evaluation of the level of choline in prostatic fluid, in semen from azoospermic men and in ejaculates with different CG values suggested that the level of choline may provide valuable information about activity of the seminal vesicles. Release of choline in group I was only 33 and 50% of that groups III and II, respectively. 60% of the total release of choline occurred during the liquefaction phase. The mean activity of cholinesterase in the prostate was only 27% lower than that found in seminal plasma. The liquefaction time and the concentration of choline, N‐acetylamino sugar and zinc decreased significantly in ejaculates after 2 days of abstinence. 1986 European Academy of Andrology

Grouping of human ejaculates according to the degree of coagulation and the relationship to the levels of choline and cholinesterase

Summary:  To study coagulation of human ejaculates, fresh semen samples were classified into coagulated (CG), fully‐gelified (FG), partly‐gelified (PG) and liquid (LQ) groups. The groups were identified physically, morphologically and biochemically. Physically and biochemically, there was no essential difference between the CG and FG ejaculates, but they differed markedly from those of the PG and LQ samples. Coagulation did not occur in ejaculates showing decreased vesicular activities. PG and LQ ejaculates demonstrated significantly higher prostatic activities from those of the CG and FG samples. Untersuchungen über Koagulationscharakteristika des Ejakulates beim Menschen Zusammenfassung:  Um die Koagulation des Ejakulates beim Menschen zu untersuchen, wurden frische Samenproben unterteilt in koaguliert, voll gallertig, teilweise gallertig und flüssig. Die Klassifizierung erfolgt physikalisch, morphologisch und biochemisch. Physikalisch und biochemisch unterscheiden sich die koagulierten und voll gallertigen nicht, aber sie unterscheiden sich deutlich von den teilweise gallertigen und den flüssigen Proben. Eine Koagulation des Ejakulates fand bei funktionell eingeschränkten Samenbläschen nicht statt. Teilweise gallertige und flüssige Ejakulatproben wiesen auf einen deutlich höheren Prostatasekretanteil hin gegenüber den anderen Proben. 1985 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Andrologia

Studies on the Coagulational Characteristics of Human Ejaculates

Summary:  Liquefaction of human semen in vitro was studied by scanning electron microscopy, determinations of total protein, free amino acid and phosphate and by correlation analysis. During liquefaction of the coagulum, its fibers were transformed into globular bodies that fused to form the homogeneous liquefied semen. It was found that the parts of the ejaculate taking more time to liquefy possessed higher concentration of protein than those of the parts liquefied earlier, a relation also appeared to exist with the whole ejaculates. Release rate of phosphate during macroscopic lysis and free reducing sugar level of ejaculates demonstrated significant negative correlations with liquefaction time which could be shortened using reductants. Zusammenfassung:  Die Verflüssigung des menschlichen Samens wurde in vitro im Ra‐sterelektronenmikroskop studiert, der Anteil des Gesamtproteins, freier Aminosäuren und Phosphate bestimmt und nach Zusammenhängen analysiert. Während der Verflüssigung des Koagels wandeln sich seine Fasern zu kugeligen Körpern um, die zu der homo‐genen Samenflüssigkeit schmelzen. Es stellte sich heraus, daß die Ejakulatanteile mit hö‐herer Proteinkonzentration mehr Zeit zur Verflüssigung benötigen; dieses traf dann auch für die Gesamtmenge des Ejakulates zu. Ein weiterer Zusammenhang scheint zwischen dem während der Verflüssigung freigesetzten Phosphatanteil und der Verflüssigungsdauer zu bestehen. Die Konzentration reduzierender Zucker in den Ejakulaten zeigte eine negative Korrelation mit der Verflüssigungszeit, die durch Hinzufügen reduzierender Substan‐zen verkürzt werden konnte. 1985 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Some Preliminary Observations on the Liquefaction of Human Semen

Differences in osmolality, pH, buffering capacity, superoxide dismutase and maintenance of sperm motility in human ejaculates according to the degree of coagulation

Journal	International Journal of Andrology
Publisher	-
ISSN	0105-6263