A rotameter is a variable area type flow sensor. It is generally used as a local indicator and display unit. Hence, a special technique is needed to transmit and to display the reading of a rotameter at a remote distance. In this paper, an improved inductance bridge-type technique has been developed to convert the float movement of the rotameter into an electrical current signal, which can be transmitted to a remote indicator. A straight ferromagnetic wire attached to the float of the rotameter acts as a sensing element of the proposed rotameter transducer. The movement of the wire as a result of fluid flow variations inside an inductive pickup coil changes the self-inductance of the coil with the changes in flow rate. An improved inductance bridge network has been used to measure the self-inductance of the coil. It has been observed that the variation of the self-inductance of the pickup coil as well as the variation of the transducer and transmitter outputs with flow rate has a very good linearity and repeatability. The necessary theoretical equations, along with the experimental results, are reported in this paper. © 2014 IEEE.

N MANDAL

B KUMAR

R SARKAR

S C BERA

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Design of a Flow Transmitter Using an Improved Inductance Bridge Network and Rotameter as Sensor

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Rotameter is a particular kind of flow meter, based on variable area principle. In this paper, an intelligent inductive pickup type flow transducer using rotameter is developed with temperature compensation. The float of rotameter is attached with a ferromagnetic wire and with the movement of float the self-inductance of inductive pickup changes. The self-inductance is changed into a voltage with the modified Maxwell bridge network. The density of the fluid flowing through the rotameter get changed with the change in temperature, and it disturbs the calibration of rotameter. In this paper, different ANN (Artifical neural network) algorithm scheme is used for compensating the temperature influence in the modified rotameter. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensing Technology, ICST

Development of a smart rotameter with intelligent temperature compensation

A rotameter is a variable-area-type flow rate measuring instrument in which the position of a metallic float in a transparent conical tube is taken as a flow rate indicator. It has the disadvantage that it is a local indicating type instrument and special type of transducer is used for its remote indication. In this paper, a noncontact flow rate measurement technique using Hall probe sensor and rotameter is designed, developed, and tested. In this design, a float carrying a thin circular permanent magnet is used, and a Hall probe sensor placed outside the rotameter tube has been used to sense the variation of magnetic field of the magnet with the variation of float position. A signal conditioner unit has been used to convert the Hall probe sensor output into 1-5 V dc signal. This dc signal output of the signal conditioner has been sent to a PC-based flow indicator through optoisolator and analog input channel of a data acquisition system (DAS) card. The PC-based flow indicator has been designed using the Lab Tech Note Book Pro software and the PC-based supervisory control and DAS. A theoretical equation has been derived to explain the operation of the system. The performance of the system has been tested experimentally, and the experimental results are reported in this paper. A very good repeatability and linearity of results has been observed. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Sensors Journal

Design and Implementation of Real-Time Flow Measurement System Using Hall Probe Sensor and PC-Based SCADA

The ordinary orifice transducer widely used in process industries for flow rate measurement produces a differential pressure which is generally measured by a DP cell and thus may suffer from various problems like leakage of process fluid, corrosion of diaphragm materials, etc. In this paper, the design of a noncontact capacitance-type orifice transducer for the measurement of flow rate of a conducting liquid through a pipeline has been described. In the proposed transducer, the use of a diaphragm-type DP cell is not needed, and thus, the problems associated with DP cell are avoided. The theoretical analysis of the flow transducer is presented in this paper. The performance of the flow transducer along with that of the signal conditioner for flow of tap water through a pipeline has been tested experimentally. The experimental results are presented in this paper. A good linearity and repeatability of the sensor capacitance, transducer output, and signal conditioner output with flow rate have been observed. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

A flow measurement technique using a noncontact capacitance-type orifice transducer for a conducting liquid

The flow rate of a conducting liquid is generally measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter, which requires a magnetization coil and a set of sensing electrodes. However, the size and cost of the flow head of this flowmeter generally become very high due to the large size of the magnetizing coil and core material. In this paper, a novel low-cost bridge-type technique of flow measurement of a conducting liquid has been described. In this technique, the lumped-parameter impedances among four electrodes placed at a radial distance apart in a flow-sensing tube form a Wheatstone bridge network. Each of these impedances is a combination of electrode polarization impedances and other impedances. Since the electrode polarization impedances are functions of the flow rate of the conducting liquid and some other parameters, the polarization impedances between two electrodes placed in two locations along the flow path of the conducting liquid may be taken as a measure of the flow rate of the liquid, with the other parameters remaining constant. The nonlinearity of these impedance variations with the flow rate is minimized by the proposed bridge-circuit near-balanced condition. The bridge is excited by a stabilized sinusoidal oscillator and balanced at the no-flow condition of the liquid. The output of the bridge network is converted into a 1- to 5-V dc signal in a signal conditioner circuit. The design aspects, theoretical analysis, and calibration data are presented in this paper. The experimental characteristic of the flowmeter is found to follow the theoretical equation and has good repeatability over the entire operating zone. © 2009 IEEE.

A novel technique of flow measurement for a conducting liquid

In the present paper, the load current of a thyristor driven pump has been utilized as a mass flow sensing parameter of a fluid being lifted by the pump. The motor load current has been sensed by an opto-isolator based circuit and the output of this circuit has been displayed in a PC monitor using Labtech Notebook Pro software. A theoretical equation relating the output of opto-isolator circuit with mass flow rate has been derived and experimental study has been carried out to verify this theoretical equation, assuming the volume flow rate of water at constant room temperature to be proportional to mass flow rate. The experimental results are presented in the paper. It has been observed that the opto-isolator output and the on-line display in PC monitor both vary almost linearly with mass flow rate. Percentage deviation of the experimental results from ideal linearity and repeatability in terms of standard deviation are found to be within tolerable limit. ©2009 IEEE.

2009 International Conference on Power Systems, ICPS '09

Study of a thyristor driven pump as a flow indicator

In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a low-cost noncontact capacitance-type level sensor for a conducting liquid. The sensor is in the form of a uniform circular cylinder made of insulating material like glass, ceramic, plastic, etc. The sensor is connected with the metallic- or nonmetallic-type liquid storage tank, in which the conducting liquid column is taken as one electrode, and a noninductively wound short-circuited outside coil is taken as the other electrode of a variable capacitor. The change in capacitance due to the change of liquid level is measured by a modified linear operational-amplifier-based De' Sauty bridge network with adjustable bridge sensitivity. The bridge output after amplification and rectification may be used to drive a direct current indicator calibrated in level. The studies have been made with high-density polyethylene and glass tube sensors separately in both metallic and nonmetallic storage tanks with tap water as the conducting liquid, and the experimental results of the static characteristics of the level sensors with percentage error from linearity are presented in the paper. These results are found to have good linearity and repeatability within acceptable limits. © 2006 IEEE.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetIEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISSN	0018-9456