Laser spectroscopy experiments are reported on rubidium atoms by using two or three external cavity diode lasers to study multiple resonance transitions in Λ- and V-type systems as well as on (Λ+V)-type system. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peaks having sub-natural line-widths are found on the Doppler broadened transmission backgrounds with velocity selective enhanced absorption dips. In the presence of a pump laser, probe spectrum shows enhancement of EIT signal by tuning the control laser frequency when the Λ- and V-type EIT signals are made to overlap. Theoretical analysis is carried out by solving the optical Bloch equations for five-level atomic model under Λ configuration. With the numerically simulated spectra, variation of EIT transmission peak with ground state decay rate and excited state spontaneous decay rate are investigated. Effect of pump Rabi frequency on the transmission peak is also shown. © 2011 SPIE.

BISWAJIT RAY

Physics

S MITRA

M M HOSSAIN

P N GHOSH

S CARTALEVA

D SLAVOV

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Coherent laser spectroscopy of rubidium atoms

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

A high contrast (∼48%) Velocity Selective Optical Pumping (VSOP) resonance at the closed transition Fg=4→Fe=5 of Cs-D2 line is obtained in the fluorescence signal under co-propagating pump-probe configuration. We use a 5.2 μm cell operating at reduced temperature (∼55 °C) and the intensity of the pump-laser is kept lower than that of the probe-laser. The observed sharp narrow structure is suitable for side-arms frequency-locking of the cooling- (i.e. probe-) laser in a cold atom experiment, with possibility for "-Γ" to "-4Γ" red-detuning and "+Γ" to "+10Γ" blue-detuning using the standard properties of the commercially available electronics. We have developed a theoretical model corresponding to the thin cell, incorporating the atomic time-of-flight dependent optical pumping decay rate to describe the dimensional anisotropy of the thin cell. The model shows good qualitative agreement with the observation and simulates as well the cases of cells with smaller thickness. It also describes correctly the temperature dependence of the line broadening and shows the potential for further optimization and red-shift detuning above "-4Γ". It may be of interest for further development of miniaturized modules, like the recently developed portable small magneto-optical traps. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

Optics Communications

Investigation of high-contrast velocity selective optical pumping resonance at the cycling transition of Cs using fluorescence technique

We present a detail analysis of the line shape of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened five level atomic system based on density matrix formalism. It has been shown that the velocity averaged EIT line shape in a multilevel system is very sharp. The effect of the ground state decay rates on the EIT peak has also been investigated. The linear and non-linear variations of the EIT line width (FWHM) for different pump and probe power ratios are shown. Considering the D2 transition of 85Rb atom the dependence of EIT width and height on pump power has been experimentally measured. Simulated spectra are compared with the experimentally obtained one. The effect of buffer gas on the EIT peak has also been observed experimentally as well as theoretically. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On line shape of electromagnetically induced transparency in a multilevel system

We report the experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Doppler broadened rubidium vapour at room temperature for different probe intensities at a fixed pump intensity in a five-level Λ-type system formed by the D2 transition of 85Rb. For a constant pump intensity, we find that the EIT width and height change with the variation of probe intensity. We observe a nonlinear variation of the height of the EIT peak and a linear variation of the width (FWHM) of the EIT signal with probe intensity. In the Doppler broadened multilevel system, we also observe the velocity selective dips along with the EIT signal. A numerical simulation of the probe response signal based on density matrix representation in a five-level system is carried out to reproduce the experimentally observed spectra. © 2009 EDP Sciences, SIF, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

European Physical Journal D

Study of width and height of EIT resonance in a doppler broadened five-level system with varying probe power

We report theoretical studies of a Λ-type five-level atomic system. The density matrix equations are set up and solved numerically to obtain the probe absorption line shape of Rb D2 transitions for cold (Doppler-free) and room temperature (Doppler-broadened) atoms. Simulated spectra for Doppler-broadened systems lead to four velocity-selective dips along with an electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) peak as observed earlier from the co-propagating pump-probe spectroscopy of Rb D2 transitions. Effects of pump power and spontaneous decay rate from the upper levels on the simulated spectra are also studied. For cold atoms a very pronounced EIT peak is observed when the pump frequency is on resonance with one allowed transition. We find that lower pump power leads to a much sharper EIT signal in this case. A simulated dispersion curve shows a rapid variation of the refractive index that may lead to a sharp reduction of the group velocity of photons. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Theoretical study of electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level atom and application to Doppler-broadened and Doppler-free Rb atoms

It is shown that the pump-probe spectroscopy of Λ-type system for the D2 transition of 87Rb exhibits additional absorption enhancement peaks due to velocity selective optical pumping along with the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The separation of these peaks is consistent with the hyperfine splitting of the upper levels. For 85Rb the peaks are not clearly discernible since the hyperfine splitting is much smaller. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Publisher	-
ISSN	0277-786X