Diurnal variations in pineal serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels were measured at four different time intervals (0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 hr) in adult male softshelled turtles. The serotonin level increased during day and decreased during night. But the norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed reverse changes. The findings reveal that these is a distinct circadian rhythm in serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents of the pineal-paraphyseal complex in adult male soft-shelled turtles. © 1986.

M S MAHAPATRA

S K MAHATA

B R MAITI

University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

&nbsp;

The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

&nbsp;

It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Circadian rhythms in serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents of the pineal-paraphyseal complex of the soft-shelled turtle (Lissemys punctata punctata)

General and Comparative Endocrinology

Steroids (testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone, corticosterone, dexamethasone and deoxycorticosterone) were administered intramuscularly (0.1 mg · 100 g bw-1) on seven consecutive days to juvenile male soft-shelled turtles. Serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine contents of the pineal-paraphyseal complex were measured spectrofluorometrically 24 h after the last injection. Testosterone and oestrogen decreased serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. Progesterone treatment resulted in an increase of serotonin level and a fall in norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. Corticosterone treatment caused an increase of serotonin level and a decrease of norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. Dexamethasone failed to alter serotonin content, increased norepinephrine and decreased epinephrine levels. Deoxycorticosterone decreased serotonin and elevated epinephrine content. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.

Journal Of Comparative Physiology B

Effect of steroid hormones on serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine contents in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of the soft-shelled turtle (Lissemys punctata punctata)

1. Adult soft‐shelled turtles were exposed to hyperosmotic and dehydration stresses. 2. Acute treatment for 0.5, 1 or 2 h with sodium chloride (3.6%, single intramuscular injection, 2 mL volume) caused depletion of pineal serotonin contents followed by elevation of norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. In addition, it depleted corticosterone and norepinephrine from the adrenal gland. 3. The serotonin level also decreased with a concomitant increase of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid but without any discernible change in catecholamine content after chronic treatment with sodium chloride (3.6%, 0.5 mL daily for 7 days). 4. Dehydration for 7 days brought about depletion of serotonin and epinephrine levels and elevation of norepinephrine level. 5. The findings suggest that hyperosmotic stress has a definite influence on pineal‐paraphyseal serotonin, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations, and adrenal corticosterone and norepinephrine contents in Lissemys turtles. Dehydration stress also modulates pineal‐paraphyseal serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology

EFFECT OF STRESS ON SEROTONIN, NOREPINEPHRINE, EPINEPHRINE AND CORTICOSTERONE CONTENTS IN THE SOFTâ€SHELLED TURTLE

The aim of the present investigation was to ascertain the influence of ambient temperature on serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of soft-shelled turtles. Turtles were exposed to low (10°) and high (32°) temperatures for 7 days in an incubator with the same photoperiod (12L:12D). Control animals were also kept in the same incubator at 25° for similar duration with the same photoperiod. The findings revealed that ambient temperatures significantly altered serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine content in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of turtles. The results thus indicate that ambient temperature has some influence on pineal serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents in soft-shelled turtles. © 1989.

Effect of ambient temperature on serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of the soft-shelled turtle (Lissemys punctata punctata)

The aims of the current investigation were to examine the circadian rhythms in the pineal-paraphyseal amines and indoleamine in juvenile turtles. An attempt was also made to study the influence of photoperiod on pineal activities in adult turtles. Serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels were studied at four different time intervals (0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 hr) of a 24-hr period. Increased serotonin level was observed during day and trough values during night, but the norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed reverse changes. Continuous light (24L:0D) or long photoperiod (22L:2D) resulted in an elevation of serotonin level and diminution of norepinephrine level, but continuous darkness (0L:24D) or short photoperiod (2L:22D) showed reverse changes. Epinephrine level altered in parallel to that of norepinephrine with long (22L:2D) or short (2L:22D) photoperiod, but remained unaltered with continuous light (24L:0D) or continuous darkness (0L:24D). It is suggested that circadian rhythms exist in pineal-paraphyseal amines and indoleamine in juvenile turtles like that of adult turtles. It is also suggested that light greatly modulates serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of the soft-shelled turtle. © 1988.

Circadian rhythms and influence of light on serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of soft-shelled turtles (Lissemys punctata punctata)

Psychoneuroendocrinology

How does the indoleamine production of the pineal gland respond to variations of the environment in a non-mammalian vertebrate, Testudo Hermanni gmelin?

Circadian and circannual fluctuations of pineal indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin) in Testudo hermanni gmelin (reptilia, chelonia)

Journal of Neurocytology

Localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine and protein (s) in the secretion granules of the rudimentary photoreceptor cells in the pineal ofLacerta

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Biological Rhythms and Endocrine Function

Endocrine Rhythms Associated with Pineal Gland Function

Journal of Neurochemistry

A sensitive, rapid and simple method for the simultaneous spectrophotofluorometric determinations of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in discrete areas of brain

Journal	General and Comparative Endocrinology
Publisher	-
ISSN	0016-6480