The present study examined the in vitro antioxidant activity of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acid (9cis, 11 trans, 13 trans-18:3), α-eleostearic acid present in karela seed oil (Momordica charantia) at about 55% level. The in vitro antioxidant properties of α-eleostearic acid are investigated on oxidative modification of human plasma, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and erythrocyte membrane lipid. Blood samples are collected from diabetic and non-diabetic (normal) healthy individuals, α-eleostearic acid is added at 0.05% and 0.1% concentrations to plasma, LDL and erythrocyte membrane isolated from the respective blood samples and peroxidations are determined against control samples. A significant increase of respective peroxidation levels has been observed in diabetic control blood than the non-diabetic control blood, α-eleostearic acid has decreased lipid peroxidation level against control samples in a dose dependent manner. The present findings suggest that CLnA, 9cis, 11trans, 13trans-18:3 is a potentially effective antioxidant that can protect plasma, low density lipoprotein and erythrocyte membrane from oxidation which may be effective in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus. © 2007, Japan Oil Chemists' Society. All rights reserved.

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University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&nbsp;Within India it is recognized as a &quot;Five-Star University&quot; and accredited &quot;A&quot; Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

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The University of Calcutta has secured the Fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious &quot;Indian University Ranking 2019&quot; list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

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It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia.

University Of Calcutta

Journal of Oleo Science

Aim: The present work provides first-time empirical and molecular interaction evidence to establish the higher biofunctionality of a therapeutic lipid, α-eleostearic acid (ESA), encapsulated in a novel and thoroughly characterized biocompatible nanoemulsion (NE) system (particle size &lt;200 nm). Materials &amp; methods: A novel methodology was employed to fabricate novel formulations of ESA. Molecular biological tools and assays were used to arrive at definite conclusions. Results: The proinflammatory profile was found to be significantly mitigated in the hypersensitized rats administered with the ESA-NE formulation more emphatically as compared with ESA-conventional emulsion in both in vivo and ex vivo models. Conclusion: The novel ESA-NE formulation shows a lot of palpable promise for clinical applications. © 2019 Future Medicine Ltd.

Nanomedicine

A novel nanoformulation of Î±-eleostearic acid restores molecular pathogenesis of hypersensitivity

Until a decade ago, dietary lipids were the most misunderstood and ill-perceived dietary component in the human diet in terms of its relation with health. However, modern day research has provided empirical evidence to show the potential of certain classes of specialty lipids and their coproducts as fast-acting nutraceuticals. Lipid-based dietary components have been shown to provide health benefits in addition to basic nutrition and, hence, are designated as functional lipids. Functional lipids, which also include structured lipids (manipulated from natural sources by bioprocess technology), impede the manifestations of chronic diseases. These functional lipid molecules, often stated as nutraceuticals, have specific mechanisms of action against major lifestyle diseases and which have now been identified. Clinical evidences are also available, which corroborate these findings. The present focus of researchers in the field of functional food technology is to develop such formulations, including bioactive lipids to improve compromised health parameters at the genomic level. This chapter essentially highlights the multidomain progress in lipid research to counter major health challenges, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, impaired cognition, and neurological diseases. In particular, the therapeutic role of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, conjugated linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, pinoleinic acid, phytosterols, and marine phospholipids are being discussed. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Materials Science in Food Bioengineering

Promising Functional Lipids for Therapeutic Applications

The present work entailed perspicacious fabrication of Bitter Gourd Seed Oil Nanoemulsion (BGO-NE) for increasing bioavailability of CLnA in oxidative stress induced in vivo system. The BGO-NE was characterized and evaluated for dimensional as well as rheological changes periodically during a 12&nbsp;week storage period. BGO comprising ∼50&nbsp;% α-eleostearic acid, was assessed in conventional and NE formulation at different doses, for its ability to stimulate antioxidative enzyme marker paradigm comprising SOD, GPx, CAT and GSH, inherent to the subjects under study. The formulated BGO-NE (d &lt; 100&nbsp;nm) was found to be stable for 12&nbsp;weeks compared to BGO-CE as was determined by particle size characterization and associated parameters. Diet supplementation of 0.5&nbsp;% (w/v) BGO-NE formulation exhibited maximum efficiency in countering oxidative stress as compared to 1&nbsp;% BGO-NE formulation and equivalent doses of BGO-CE. Higher efficacy at very low dose of the nano-sized formulation was thus, also established. Histopathological data from liver, pancreas and kidney sections corroborated the above findings. The present study with formulated BGO-NE and BGO-CE evaluates and confirms the implications of a NE formulation of a bioactive lipid - conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA), targeting specific in vivo processes to counter the negative influence of excess ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in the system. It, thus presents itself as a potent nutraceutical against diabetes mellitus in an optimized delivery system. © 2014, Association of Food Scientists &amp; Technologists (India).

Journal of Food Science and Technology

Comparative prophylactic effects of Î±-eleostearic acid rich nano and conventional emulsions in induced diabetic rats

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of α-linolenic acid and α-eleostearic acid, two isomers of linolenic acid, against oxidative stress induced by organic mercury in kidney and liver cells of rat. Male albino rats were divided into six groups. Groups 1, 2 were normal control and methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl) treated (5. mg/kg BW/day) control, respectively. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were orally treated with different doses of two fatty acids (0.5% and 1.0% of total lipid given for each isomer) along with MeHgCl (5. mg/kg BW). Results showed that activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver and kidney decreased significantly due to oxidative stress generated by MeHg. Administration of the linolenic acid isomers almost restored all the altered parameters and also reduced lipid peroxidation and leakage of trans-aminase enzymes from liver to blood due to liver injury when administrated in higher doses. Histopathology of liver and kidney cells showed that administration of α-linolenic acid significantly reduced the damage generated by MeHg. Thus, α-linolenic acid and α-eleostearic acid could serve as cost-effective and natural phytochemical preparation to protect against the adverse effects caused by organic mercury in human. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Studies on comparative efficacy of Î±-linolenic acid and Î±-eleostearic acid on prevention of organic mercury-induced oxidative stress in kidney and liver of rat

The present study was undertaken to evaluate under in vivo condition the effects of α-linolenic acid and α-eleostearic acid against methyl mercury (MeHg) induced oxidative stress. Male albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was under normal control and Group 2 was treated with methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl; 5. mg/kg. BW/day). Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were orally treated with different doses of the two fatty acids (0.5% and 1.0% of total lipid given for each kind of linolenic acid isomer) along with MeHgCl (5. mg/kg. BW). Comet assay of blood lymphocytes showed that administration of α-linolenic acid reduced DNA damage significantly (P< 0.05). Results also showed that activity of antioxidant enzymes of plasma and brain tissue and total antioxidant capacity in plasma decreased significantly due to oxidative stress generated by MeHgCl. Administration in higher dose of both kind of linolenic acid restored all the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and also reduced lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidant capacity in plasma. Both kinds of linolenic acid successfully maintained the RBC membrane integrity which was totally disrupted and became flat due to MeHgCl stress. α-Linolenic acid was more efficient antioxidant than α-eleostearic acid against oxidative DNA damage. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Prophylactic effect of Î±-linolenic acid and Î±-eleostearic acid against MeHg induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and structural changes in RBC membrane

The present study investigated the dietary effect of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) on lipid profiles and lipid peroxidations in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetic rats were fed with 20% sunflower oil (diabetic control), sunflower oil supplemented with 0.5% CLnA, sunflower oil supplemented with 0.15% α-tocopherol, and sunflower oil containing 0.25% CLnA + 0.15% α-tocopherol. The results demonstrated that 0.5% CLnA, 0.15% α-tocopherol, and 0.25% CLnA + 0.15% α-tocopherol each on supplementation significantly lowered total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol in comparison with the diabetic control group. The TAG level was significantly lowered in both the 0.15% α-tocopherol and 0.25% CLnA + 0.15% α-tocopherol groups. LDL-lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation were reduced significantly in each of the experimental groups vs. the control group. The CLnA + α-tocopherol diet induced a greater reduction in membrane lipid and liver lipid peroxidation than the α-tocopherol diet alone. In conclusion, dietary CLnA exerts antioxidant activity as evidenced by reduced lipid peroxidation in chemically induced diabetes mellitus. Copyright © 2006 by AOCS Press.

Lipids

Dietary comparison of conjugated linolenic acid (9 cis, 11 trans, 13 trans) and Î±-tocopherol effects on blood lipids and lipid peroxidation in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats

Refined and bleached sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.) contains sesame lignans, mainly sesamin and episesamin, and they are isolated from refined sesame oil. The in vitro antioxidant properties of sesame lignans and sesamol are investigated on oxidative modification of human plasma, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and erythrocyte membrane lipid. Blood samples are collected from diabetic and non-diabetic (normal) healthy individuals. Sesame lignans and sesamol are added at 0.05% and 0.1% concentrations to plasma, LDL and erythrocyte membrane isolated from the respective blood samples and peroxidations are determined against control samples. A significant increase of peroxidation levels was observed consequently in diabetic control blood and the non-diabetic control blood. Sesamol and sesame lignans decreased lipid peroxidation. The findings suggest that sesamol and sesame lignans (mainly sesamin and episesamin) are potentially effective antioxidants that can protect plasma, LDL and erythrocyte membrane from oxidation which may be effective in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in diabetes. © 2005, Japan Oil Chemists' Society. All rights reserved.

Antioxidative Effect of Sesame Lignans in Diabetes Mellitus Blood: An in vitro study

The present study examined the antioxidant activity of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acid (9 cis, 11 trans, 13 trans-18:3), α-eleostearic acid, of karela seed (Momordica charantia), fed to rats for 4 wk. The growth pattern of rats and the effect on plasma cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and peroxidation of plasma lipid, lipoprotein, eryhrocyte membrane, and liver lipid were measured. Rats were raised on diets containing sunflower oil mixed with three different levels of conjugated trienoic fatty acid (9c, 11t, 13t-18:3) 0.5, 2, and 10% by weight; the control group was raised with sunflower oil as dietary oil as the source of linoleic acid (9c, 12c-18:2). The growth pattern of the three experimental groups of rats showed no significant difference compared to the control group of rats, but the group with 10% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3 had slightly higher body weight than the control group of rats. Concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol in plasma were similar in all four groups. Plasma lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in the case of 0.5% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3 group than the control group and the 2 and 10% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3 dietary groups as well. Lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility test with 0.5, 2, and 10% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3 dietary groups was significantly less susceptible to lipoprotein peroxidation when compared with sunflower oil dietary group, and the dietary group with 0.5% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3 showed least susceptibility. There was significant lowering in erythrocyte ghost membrane lipid peroxidation in the 0.5, 2, and 10% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3 dietary groups compared to the sunflower oil groups. Nonenzymatic liver tissue lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in the group of rats raised on 0.5% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3, but the groups on 2 and 10% 9c, 11t, 13t-18:3 acid did not show any significant difference compared with the control group of rats.

Dietary effects of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acid (9 cis, 11 trans, 13 trans) levels on blood lipids and nonenzymatic in vitro lipid peroxidation in rats

The nutritive value of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acid (C18:3 Δ9,11,13α-elaeostearic acid) as occurs in karela seed (Momordica charantia) oil was studied. When rats were fed at the 20% level for 6 weeks, the growth pattern of rats and the food efficiency ratio showed a slightly significant difference compared to the group raised on linseed oil with non-conjugated octadecatrienoic acid (C18:3 Δ9,12,15α-linolenic acid) as control, The concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol and LDL/HDL-cholesterol in serum were significantly higher in karela oil than in linseed oil. The liver lipid profile showed no difference. The total lipid as well as phospholipid concentrations of heart lipid were significantly higher in karela oil. The brain weight of the linseed oil group was significantly higher than the karela group. The brain phospholipid concentration of the karela oil group was significantly higher than that of the linseed oil group.

Journal	Journal of Oleo Science
Publisher	-
ISSN	1345-8957
Open Access	Yes